Smell & Taste Center, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2011 Dec;26(4):864-71. doi: 10.1037/a0023263. Epub 2011 May 30.
Odor identification ability and cognition were measured in a population-based cohort of 1,222 very old twins and singletons, including 91 centenarians. Heritability for identifying odors was low, in contrast to that for cognition. Common genes were found to contribute to both olfaction and cognition. In a multiple regression model, sex, age, cognitive function, and smoking, but not APOEε4 status, were significant predictors of the olfactory test scores (all ps < 0.001). This study, along with data from other studies, suggests that indices of heritability for odor identification decline with age, likely reflecting adverse environmental influences on the smell system.
在一项基于人群的 1222 对高龄双胞胎和单胎的队列研究中，测量了气味识别能力和认知能力，其中包括 91 名百岁老人。与认知能力相比，识别气味的遗传力较低。研究发现，共同的基因有助于嗅觉和认知。在多元回归模型中，性别、年龄、认知功能和吸烟，但不是 APOEε4 状态，是嗅觉测试分数的显著预测因子（所有 p 值均<0.001）。这项研究与其他研究的数据一起表明，气味识别的遗传力指标随着年龄的增长而下降，这可能反映了环境对嗅觉系统的不利影响。
