Bröker B, Lydyard P M, Emmrich F
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, MPG Gruppe Rheumatologie/Immunologie, Erlangen.
Klin Wochenschr. 1990 May 17;68(10):489-95. doi: 10.1007/BF01648239.
A small population of T cells does not express the conventional T cell receptor characterized by the alpha and beta polypeptide chains (TCR alpha beta) but instead, two polypeptides termed gamma and delta (TCR gamma delta). This alternative receptor is able to recognize antigen. It appears early in T cell ontogeny, but its role in the thymus prior to the availability of TCR alpha beta remains unclear. In selected sites such as skin or gut TCR gamma delta predominates in mice which might suggest a role of gamma delta T cells in the first line of defense against infection. gamma delta T cells secrete lymphokines and display cytotoxic activity. However, their activation requirements may differ from what is known for alpha beta T cells since MHC-nonrestricted and also CD4 and CD8 negative gamma delta T cells have been described. Preferential activation by mycobacterial antigens possibly indicates a special repertoire of the gamma delta T cells. In various diseases slightly increased numbers of gamma delta T cells were found, but these preliminary studies have not yet provided evidence for a major pathogenetic role of gamma delta T cells.
一小部分T细胞不表达由α和β多肽链组成的传统T细胞受体（TCRαβ），而是表达另外两种称为γ和δ的多肽（TCRγδ）。这种替代性受体能够识别抗原。它在T细胞个体发育早期出现，但其在TCRαβ出现之前在胸腺中的作用仍不清楚。在诸如皮肤或肠道等特定部位，TCRγδ在小鼠中占主导地位，这可能表明γδT细胞在抵御感染的第一道防线中发挥作用。γδT细胞分泌淋巴因子并表现出细胞毒性活性。然而，它们的激活要求可能与αβT细胞不同，因为已经描述了MHC非限制性以及CD4和CD8阴性的γδT细胞。分枝杆菌抗原的优先激活可能表明γδT细胞具有特殊的受体库。在各种疾病中发现γδT细胞数量略有增加，但这些初步研究尚未提供γδT细胞具有主要致病作用的证据。
