Al-Lawati Jawad A, Muula Adamson S, Hilmi Sahar A, Rudatsikira Emmanuel
Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman;
Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2008 Mar;8(1):37-43.
To assess the prevalence and determinants of waterpipe use among school-going adolescents in Oman.
A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in 2003 involving 9 regions of Oman, as part of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Participants were requested to complete an anonymous questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, current and previous use of waterpipe tobacco, attitudes towards cigarette smoking, parents' and friends' cigarette smoking habits. Proportions were used to calculate prevalence rates and logistic regression analysis to obtain odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
1,962 students participated of whom 1,005 (51.2%) were males. Eighty-eight percent were between 13 and 16 years of age. Five hundred and twenty-two (26.6%) reported ever smoking waterpipe tobacco while 189 (9.6%) were current users. Among males, 155 (15.5%) were current users while among females only 24 (2.6%) smoked currently. Study participants were more likely to use waterpipe if they had a parent or friend who smoked cigarettes. Adolescents were, however, less likely to use waterpipe tobacco if they believed that cigarette smoking was harmful to health. Students who were receiving 500 Baisas (US$ 1.3) or more per day pocket money were more likely to use waterpipe tobacco compared to those receiving less (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.3 to 4.6). In multivariate analysis, the OR for males being a smoker of waterpipe tobacco compared to females was 4.46 (95% CI, 2.38 to 8.35); while the OR for most or all friends smoking cigarettes compared to non-smoking was OR 5.65 (95% CI 2.87 to 11.13). Study participants who perceived smoking as harmful to health were less likely to use waterpipe tobacco compared to those who did not believe smoking was harmful (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.92) and those receiving 500 Baisas or more (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.2).
Waterpipe smoking among Omani adolescents is an emerging public health concern. Efforts to prevent adolescent smoking should be designed with knowledge of associated factors of such behaviour and should include all forms of tobacco.
评估阿曼在校青少年使用水烟的流行情况及其决定因素。
2003年在阿曼的9个地区开展了一项基于学校的横断面研究，作为全球青少年烟草调查的一部分。要求参与者填写一份匿名问卷，内容包括人口统计学特征、水烟烟草的当前及既往使用情况、对吸烟的态度、父母及朋友的吸烟习惯。采用比例计算患病率，并通过逻辑回归分析得出比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）。
1962名学生参与了研究，其中1005名（51.2%）为男性。88%的学生年龄在13至16岁之间。522名（26.6%）报告曾吸食过水烟烟草，189名（9.6%）为当前使用者。在男性中，155名（15.5%）为当前使用者，而在女性中，目前仅有24名（2.6%）吸烟。如果研究参与者的父母或朋友吸烟，他们更有可能使用水烟。然而，如果青少年认为吸烟有害健康，则不太可能使用水烟烟草。与零花钱较少的学生相比，每天获得500拜沙（1.3美元）或更多零花钱的学生更有可能使用水烟烟草（OR 3.3，95% CI 2.3至4.6）。在多变量分析中，男性吸食水烟烟草与女性相比的OR为4.46（95% CI，2.38至8.35）；而大多数或所有朋友吸烟与不吸烟相比的OR为5.65（95% CI 2.87至11.13）。与不认为吸烟有害的参与者相比，认为吸烟有害健康的研究参与者使用水烟烟草的可能性较小（OR 0.31，95% CI 0.29至0.92），与获得500拜沙或更多零花钱的参与者相比也是如此（OR 2.2，95% CI 1.5至3.2）。
阿曼青少年吸食水烟是一个新出现的公共卫生问题。预防青少年吸烟的努力应基于对这种行为相关因素的了解来设计，并且应涵盖所有形式的烟草。
