瑞典北部青少年水烟使用的决定因素：使用模式、风险认知及环境因素调查
Determinants of waterpipe use amongst adolescents in Northern Sweden: a survey of use pattern, risk perception, and environmental factors.
作者信息
Ramji Rathi, Arnetz Judy, Nilsson Maria, Jamil Hikmet, Norström Fredrik, Maziak Wasim, Wiklund Ywonne, Arnetz Bengt
机构信息
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 788 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, USA.
出版信息
BMC Res Notes. 2015 Sep 15;8:441. doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1413-4.
BACKGROUND
Determinants of waterpipe use in adolescents are believed to differ from those for other tobacco products, but there is a lack of studies of possible social, cultural, or psychological aspects of waterpipe use in this population. This study applied a socioecological model to explore waterpipe use, and its relationship to other tobacco use in Swedish adolescents.
METHODS
A total of 106 adolescents who attended an urban high-school in northern Sweden responded to an anonymous questionnaire. Prevalence rates for waterpipe use were examined in relation to socio-demographics, peer pressure, sensation seeking behavior, harm perception, environmental factors, and depression.
RESULTS
Thirty-three percent reported ever having smoked waterpipe (ever use), with 30% having done so during the last 30 days (current use). Among waterpipe ever users, 60% had ever smoked cigarettes in comparison to 32% of non-waterpipe smokers (95% confidence interval 1.4-7.9). The odds of having ever smoked waterpipe were three times higher among male high school seniors as well as students with lower grades. Waterpipe ever users had three times higher odds of having higher levels of sensation-seeking (95% confidence interval 1.2-9.5) and scored high on the depression scales (95% confidence interval 1.6-6.8) than non-users. The odds of waterpipe ever use were four times higher for those who perceived waterpipe products to have pleasant smell compared to cigarettes (95% confidence interval 1.7-9.8). Waterpipe ever users were twice as likely to have seen waterpipe use on television compared to non-users (95% confidence interval 1.1-5.7). The odds of having friends who smoked regularly was eight times higher for waterpipe ever users than non-users (95% confidence interval 2.1-31.2).
CONCLUSION
The current study reports a high use of waterpipe in a select group of students in northern Sweden. The study adds the importance of looking at socioecological determinants of use, including peer pressure and exposure to media marketing, as well as mental health among users.
背景
青少年使用水烟的决定因素被认为与其他烟草制品不同，但缺乏对该人群使用水烟可能存在的社会、文化或心理方面的研究。本研究应用社会生态模型来探究瑞典青少年中水烟的使用情况及其与其他烟草使用的关系。
方法
瑞典北部一所城市高中的106名青少年对一份匿名问卷进行了回复。研究了水烟使用的流行率与社会人口统计学、同伴压力、寻求刺激行为、危害认知、环境因素和抑郁之间的关系。
结果
33%的人报告曾经吸食过水烟（曾经使用），其中30%在过去30天内有过吸食行为（当前使用）。在曾经吸食过水烟的人群中，60%的人曾经吸过香烟，而非水烟吸食者中这一比例为32%（95%置信区间1.4 - 7.9）。男性高中高年级学生以及成绩较低的学生吸食过水烟的几率是其他学生的三倍。曾经吸食过水烟的人寻求刺激水平较高的几率是未使用者的三倍（95%置信区间1.2 - 9.5），并且在抑郁量表上得分较高（95%置信区间1.6 - 6.8）。与认为香烟有宜人气味的人相比，认为水烟制品有宜人气味的人曾经吸食过水烟的几率高出四倍（95%置信区间1.7 - 9.8）。与未使用者相比，曾经吸食过水烟的人在电视上看到水烟使用的可能性是未使用者的两倍（95%置信区间1.1 - 5.7）。曾经吸食过水烟的人有经常吸烟的朋友的几率是未使用者的八倍（95%置信区间2.1 - 31.2）。
结论
本研究报告了瑞典北部特定学生群体中水烟的高使用率。该研究强调了审视使用的社会生态决定因素的重要性，包括同伴压力、接触媒体营销以及使用者的心理健康。
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