National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;
Am J Bot. 2003 Jul;90(7):1025-31. doi: 10.3732/ajb.90.7.1025.
We propose a hypothesis to explain the temporal and spatial patterns of mass flowerings in dipterocarp tree species on the Malay Peninsula. The literature on these mass flowerings reveals that during 1980-2002 at least 11 flowerings occurred at irregular intervals of 1-6 yr in a lowland rain forest. Five of them were typical mass flowerings-a high density of flowering trees and the characteristic sequential flowering of Shorea species. The 11 flowerings were classified into two flowering times: spring and autumn. There is evidence that low temperature and drought triggered the flowerings. Therefore, the seasonality of mass flowerings is characterized by the annual patterns of rainfall and low temperature. In addition, changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may play important roles in determining the supra-annual occurrence of mass flowerings. Flowering surveys on the Malay Peninsula implied that regions with spring or autumn mass flowerings corresponded geographically to those regions that had one cool season (December-February) or two (December-February and June-August), respectively. This finding anticipates the seasonal pattern and geographical distribution of mass flowerings on the Malay Peninsula.
我们提出了一个假说，用以解释马来半岛热带雨林中龙脑香科树木大规模开花的时空模式。这些大规模开花的文献表明，在 1980 年至 2002 年期间，至少有 11 次开花发生在低地雨林中 1-6 年的不规则间隔内。其中 5 次是典型的大规模开花——开花树木密度高，以及龙脑香属物种的特征顺序开花。这 11 次开花分为两个开花时间：春季和秋季。有证据表明，低温和干旱引发了开花。因此，大规模开花的季节性特征是由降雨量和低温的年度模式决定的。此外，厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）的变化可能在决定大规模开花的超年度发生中发挥重要作用。对马来半岛的开花调查表明，春季或秋季大规模开花的地区在地理上与有一个凉爽季节（12 月至 2 月）或两个凉爽季节（12 月至 2 月和 6 月至 8 月）的地区相对应。这一发现预示着马来半岛大规模开花的季节性模式和地理分布。
