University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011 Nov;37(11):1488-98. doi: 10.1177/0146167211411723. Epub 2011 Jun 9.
Three experiments investigate how stereotypes form as justifications for prejudice. The authors created novel content-free prejudices toward unfamiliar social groups using either subliminal (Experiment 1, N = 79) or supraliminal (Experiment 2, N = 105; Experiment 3, N = 130) affective conditioning and measured the consequent endorsement of stereotypes about the groups. Following the stereotype content model, analyses focused on the extent to which stereotypes connoted warmth or competence. Results from all three experiments revealed effects on the warmth dimension but not on the competence dimension: Groups associated with negative affect were stereotyped as comparatively cold (but not comparatively incompetent). These results provide the first evidence that-in the absence of information, interaction, or history of behavioral discrimination-stereotypes develop to justify prejudice.
三项实验研究了刻板印象如何形成对偏见的合理化解释。作者使用潜意识（实验 1，N=79）或超意识（实验 2，N=105；实验 3，N=130）情感条件作用来创造对陌生社会群体的新颖无内容偏见，并测量了对这些群体的刻板印象的后续认可。根据刻板印象内容模型，分析集中在刻板印象所暗示的温暖或能力程度上。所有三项实验的结果都表明刻板印象在温暖维度上有影响，但在能力维度上没有影响：与负面情绪相关的群体被刻板印象化为相对冷漠（但不是相对无能）。这些结果首次提供了证据，即在没有信息、互动或行为歧视历史的情况下，刻板印象会发展以证明偏见是合理的。
