Purgina Bibianna, Pantanowitz Liron, Seethala Raja R
Department of Pathology, Presbyterian-Shadyside University Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Patholog Res Int. 2011;2011:469150. doi: 10.4061/2011/469150. Epub 2011 May 10.
The majority of malignancies arising in the head and neck among patients with AIDS are Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients with HIV/AIDS are also at increased risk of developing several carcinomas of the head and neck. This paper focuses on these less common, albeit important, carcinomas. An English language literature search identified numerous population-based studies evaluating carcinomas in the head and neck of HIV-positive patients. Published results indicate that patients with HIV/AIDS are at an increased risk of developing mucosal squamous cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland, and Merkel cell carcinoma in this anatomic region. Data also suggest that HIV-positive patients with these cancers present at a younger age, with more aggressive disease and worse prognosis compared to HIV-negative patients. Treatment involves surgical resection with or without radiation therapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic disease. AIDS patients, however, are more likely to suffer radiation treatment complications. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has not altered the incidence of these malignancies.
艾滋病患者头颈部出现的大多数恶性肿瘤是卡波西肉瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤。感染HIV/AIDS的患者患几种头颈部癌症的风险也会增加。本文聚焦于这些虽不常见但很重要的癌症。一项英文文献检索发现了大量基于人群的研究，这些研究评估了HIV阳性患者的头颈部癌症。已发表的结果表明，感染HIV/AIDS的患者在该解剖区域发生黏膜鳞状细胞癌、鼻咽癌、涎腺淋巴上皮癌和默克尔细胞癌的风险增加。数据还表明，与HIV阴性患者相比，患有这些癌症的HIV阳性患者发病年龄更小，疾病侵袭性更强，预后更差。治疗包括手术切除，对于局部晚期和转移性疾病可联合放疗和化疗。然而，艾滋病患者更易出现放疗并发症。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）并未改变这些恶性肿瘤的发病率。
