Kress W John, Prince Linda M, Williams Kyle J
Botany, MRC-166, United States National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 USA;
Am J Bot. 2002 Oct;89(10):1682-96. doi: 10.3732/ajb.89.10.1682.
The pantropical Zingiberaceae is the largest family in the order Zingiberales with 53 genera and over 1200 species. Classifications of the family first proposed in 1889 and refined by others since that time recognize four tribes (Globbeae, Hedychieae, Alpinieae, and Zingibereae) based on morphological features, such as number of locules and placentation in the ovary, development of staminodia, modifications of the fertile anther, and rhizome-shoot-leaf orientation. New phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid matK regions suggest that at least some of these morphological traits are homoplasious and three of the tribes are paraphyletic. The African genus Siphonochilus and Bornean genus Tamijia are basal clades. The former Alpinieae and Hedychieae for the most part are monophyletic taxa with the Globbeae and Zingibereae included within the latter. The results of these phylogenetic investigations are used to propose a new classification of the Zingiberaceae that recognizes four subfamilies and four tribes: Siphonochiloideae (Siphonochileae), Tamijioideae (Tamijieae), Alpinioideae (Alpinieae, Riedelieae), and Zingiberoideae (Zingibereae, Globbeae). Morphological features congruent with this classification and the taxonomic status of various monotypic genera are discussed.
泛热带分布的姜科是姜目最大的科，有53个属，超过1200种。该科的分类最初于1889年提出，此后经他人完善，根据形态特征，如子房室数和胎座类型、退化雄蕊的发育、可育花药的形态以及根茎 - 茎 - 叶的方向，识别出四个族（球姜族、姜花族、山姜族和姜族）。基于核内转录间隔区（ITS）和质体matK区域的DNA序列进行的新系统发育分析表明，这些形态特征中至少有一些是同塑的，并且其中三个族是并系的。非洲的虹吸姜属和婆罗洲的塔米姜属是基部类群。以前的山姜族和姜花族大多是单系类群，球姜族和姜族包含在后者之中。这些系统发育研究的结果被用于提出姜科的新分类，该分类识别出四个亚科和四个族：虹吸姜亚科（虹吸姜族）、塔米姜亚科（塔米姜族）、山姜亚科（山姜族、里德姜族）和姜亚科（姜族、球姜族）。文中讨论了与该分类一致的形态特征以及各种单型属的分类地位。
