Foerster Rebecca M, Carbone Elena, Koesling Hendrik, Schneider Werner X
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
J Vis. 2011 Jun 10;11(7):9. doi: 10.1167/11.7.9.
Principles of saccadic eye movement control in the real world have been derived by the study of self-paced well-known tasks such as sandwich or tea making. Little is known whether these principles generalize to high-speed sensorimotor tasks and how they are affected by learning and automatization. In the present study, right-handers practiced the speed-stacking task in 14 consecutive daily training sessions, while their eye movements were recorded. Speed stacking is a high-speed sensorimotor task that requires grasping, moving, rotating, and placing of objects. The following main results emerged. Throughout practice, the eyes led the hands, displayed by a positive eye-hand time span. Moreover, visual information was gathered for the subsequent manual sub-action, displayed by a positive eye-hand unit span. With automatization, the eye-hand time span became shorter, yet it increased when corrected by the decreasing trial duration. In addition, fixations were mainly allocated to the goal positions of the right hand or objects in the right hand. The number of fixations decreased while the fixation rate remained constant. Importantly, all participants fixated on the same task-relevant locations in a similar scan path across training days, revealing a long-term memory-based mode of attention control after automatization of a high-speed sensorimotor task.
现实世界中眼球跳动控制的原理是通过对诸如制作三明治或泡茶等自定节奏的知名任务的研究得出的。对于这些原理是否适用于高速感觉运动任务，以及它们如何受到学习和自动化的影响，人们知之甚少。在本研究中，右利手者在连续14天的日常训练中练习速度堆叠任务，同时记录他们的眼球运动。速度堆叠是一项高速感觉运动任务，需要抓取、移动、旋转和放置物体。出现了以下主要结果。在整个练习过程中，眼睛领先于手部动作，表现为正的眼手时间间隔。此外，为后续的手部子动作收集视觉信息，表现为正的眼手单位间隔。随着自动化程度的提高，眼手时间间隔变短，但在根据试验持续时间的减少进行校正后，它又会增加。此外，注视主要分配给右手的目标位置或右手中的物体。注视次数减少，而注视率保持不变。重要的是，所有参与者在整个训练日中都以相似的扫描路径注视相同的与任务相关的位置，这揭示了高速感觉运动任务自动化后基于长期记忆的注意力控制模式。
