School of Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
J Vis. 2021 Mar 1;21(3):13. doi: 10.1167/jov.21.3.13.
Eye movements can support ongoing manipulative actions, but a class of so-called look ahead fixations (LAFs) are related to future tasks. We examined LAFs in a complex natural task-assembling a camping tent. Tent assembly is a relatively uncommon task and requires the completion of multiple subtasks in sequence over a 5- to 20-minute duration. Participants wore a head-mounted camera and eye tracker. Subtasks and LAFs were annotated. We document four novel aspects of LAFs. First, LAFs were not random and their frequency was biased to certain objects and subtasks. Second, latencies are larger than previously noted, with 35% of LAFs occurring within 10 seconds before motor manipulation and 75% within 100 seconds. Third, LAF behavior extends far into future subtasks, because only 47% of LAFs are made to objects relevant to the current subtask. Seventy-five percent of LAFs are to objects used within five upcoming steps. Last, LAFs are often directed repeatedly to the target before manipulation, suggesting memory volatility. LAFs with short fixation-action latencies have been hypothesized to benefit future visual search and/or motor manipulation. However, the diversity of LAFs suggest they may also reflect scene exploration and task relevance, as well as longer term problem solving and task planning.
眼球运动可以支持正在进行的操作，但一类所谓的前瞻性注视（LAF）与未来的任务有关。我们在一个复杂的自然任务中检查了 LAF，即组装野营帐篷。帐篷组装是一个相对不常见的任务，需要在 5 到 20 分钟的时间内连续完成多个子任务。参与者佩戴了一个头戴式摄像机和眼动追踪器。对子任务和 LAF 进行了注释。我们记录了 LAF 的四个新方面。首先，LAF 不是随机的，其频率偏向于某些物体和子任务。其次，潜伏期比之前注意到的要长，35%的 LAF 在运动操作前 10 秒内发生，75%在 100 秒内发生。第三，LAF 行为延伸到未来的子任务中，因为只有 47%的 LAF 针对当前子任务相关的物体。75%的 LAF 针对接下来的五个步骤中使用的物体。最后，在操作之前，LAF 经常反复指向目标，这表明记忆易变。人们假设具有短注视-动作潜伏期的 LAF 有助于未来的视觉搜索和/或运动操作。然而，LAF 的多样性表明，它们也可能反映了场景探索和任务相关性，以及更长期的问题解决和任务规划。
