Norte Navarro A I, Ortiz Moncada R
Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España.
Nutr Hosp. 2011 Mar-Apr;26(2):330-6. doi: 10.1590/S0212-16112011000200014.
To determine the quality of the Spanish diet by means of the Healthy Feeding Index (IASE) and its relationship with geographical and socioeconomic variables.
Cross-sectional descriptive study from the National Heath Questionnaire 2006 (ENS-2006). 29,478 people answering the Frequency of Consumption Questionnaire (CFC) were studied (women = 15,019; men =14,459). The IASE comprises 10 variables (grains and derivatives, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, meats, legumes, cold-processed meats, sweets, beverages, and diet-variety) constructed from the CFC and the recommendations of the Feeding Guidelines (Spanish Society of Community Nutrition 2004). The IASE categories (maximum score: 100) were: healthy feeding > 80 points; Need-for-change > 5,080; Little healthy, 50. A descriptive analysis was performed with differences of the means (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests), and the Chi-square test to study the independency of the variables such as age, gender, social class, and educational level with the IASE categories.
72% of the whole sample needs changes in their feeding patterns. The mean score for women was 73.7 ± 10.5 and for men 69.9 ± 11.3 (p < 0.001). Among the healthy category, the age group > 65 years and women obtain higher percentage (38.8% and 28.3%, respectively) in comparison to men (18.4%). Besides, the higher the social class the higher the healthy diet index will be (class-I: 24.4%, class-II: 25.0%, class-III: 25.8%) (p < 0.001). The Autonomous Communities from Valencia (5.4%), Balearic Islands (4.6%) and Andalusia (4.3%) are the ones presenting the highest index of little healthy feeding.
The IASE is a rapid and cheap method to estimate the quality of the diet in the population since it uses secondary data coming from the ENS and the feeding guidelines. It is useful to planning the nutritional policies in Spain.
通过健康饮食指数（IASE）确定西班牙饮食质量及其与地理和社会经济变量的关系。
基于2006年国家健康调查问卷（ENS - 2006）进行横断面描述性研究。研究了29478名回答食物消费频率问卷（CFC）的人（女性 = 15019人；男性 = 14459人）。IASE由10个变量组成（谷物及其制品、蔬菜、水果、乳制品、肉类、豆类、冷加工肉类、甜食、饮料和饮食多样性），这些变量根据CFC以及饮食指南（西班牙社区营养学会，2004年）构建。IASE类别（满分：100分）为：健康饮食>80分；需要改变>50 - 80分；不太健康，<50分。采用均值差异（Kruskal - Wallis和Mann - Whitney检验）进行描述性分析，并使用卡方检验研究年龄、性别、社会阶层和教育水平等变量与IASE类别的独立性。
整个样本中有72%的人需要改变其饮食模式。女性的平均得分是73.7±10.5，男性为69.9±11.3（p<0.001）。在健康类别中，65岁以上年龄组和女性的比例较高（分别为38.8%和28.3%），而男性为18.4%。此外，社会阶层越高，健康饮食指数越高（I类：24.4%，II类：25.0%，III类：25.8%）（p<0.001）。巴伦西亚自治区（5.4%）、巴利阿里群岛（4.6%）和安达卢西亚（4.3%）是不太健康饮食指数最高的自治区。
IASE是一种快速且廉价的方法，可用于评估人群饮食质量，因为它使用了来自ENS和饮食指南的二手数据。它对西班牙营养政策的规划很有用。
