Amo-Saus Elisa, Pardo-García Isabel, Martínez-Valero Ana Pilar, Escribano-Sotos Francisco
School of Economics and Business Administration, Castilla- La Mancha University, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Research Group of Economy, Food and Society, Castilla-La Mancha University, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Prev Med Rep. 2025 Jan 31;51:102995. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.102995. eCollection 2025 Mar.
To measure diet quality in the population aged over 65 years in Spain and its autonomous communities and to identify sociodemographic, health and lifestyle factors related to diet quality based on 2017 Spanish National Health Survey.
To estimate diet quality, we used the Healthy Eating Index for Spanish Population (IASE). A multiple linear regression analysis (regression coefficients and 95 % CIs) was used to determine the relationship between socio-demographic, health and lifestyle factors and IASE. This index was our dependent variable and as independent variables: sex, chronic diseases, age, level of education, engagement in physical activity, marital status and Body Mass Index.
A total of 6325 participants were included in the sample. The diet quality rating in Spain revealed that 0.46 % of our population had an unhealthy diet, 87 % needed to make changes, and 12.3 % were following a healthy diet. Being female (Regression coefficient = 1.6, 95 % CI = 1.14;-1.97), being physically active several times a month (Regression coefficient = 1.6, 95 % CI =0.63-2.48) and several times a week (Regression coefficient = 2.2, 95 % CI =1.36-3.10), having chronic disease (Regression coefficients =0.7, 95 % CI =0.08-1.29), being overweight (Regression coefficient = 0.5, 95 % CI =0.06-0.95) and being aged between 70 and 74 (Regression coefficient = 0.5, 95 % CI =0.01-1.07) and 75-79 (Regression coefficient = 0.9, 95 % CI =0.33-1.50) were associated with higher IASE scores.
These results help to identify risk groups or situations and to design health prevention programs.
根据2017年西班牙国民健康调查，评估西班牙65岁以上人群及其自治区的饮食质量，并确定与饮食质量相关的社会人口统计学、健康和生活方式因素。
为了评估饮食质量，我们使用了西班牙人群健康饮食指数（IASE）。采用多元线性回归分析（回归系数和95%置信区间）来确定社会人口统计学、健康和生活方式因素与IASE之间的关系。该指数是我们的因变量，自变量包括：性别、慢性病、年龄、教育程度、体育活动参与情况、婚姻状况和体重指数。
样本共纳入6325名参与者。西班牙的饮食质量评级显示，0.46%的人口饮食不健康，87%的人需要做出改变，12.3%的人遵循健康饮食。女性（回归系数=1.6，95%置信区间=1.14；-1.97）、每月进行几次体育活动（回归系数=1.6，95%置信区间=0.63-2.48）和每周进行几次体育活动（回归系数=2.2，95%置信区间=1.36-3.10）、患有慢性病（回归系数=0.7，95%置信区间=0.08-1.29）、超重（回归系数=0.5，95%置信区间=0.06-0.95）以及年龄在70至74岁之间（回归系数=0.5，95%置信区间=0.01-1.07）和75至79岁之间（回归系数=0.9，95%置信区间=0.33-1.50）与较高的IASE得分相关。
这些结果有助于识别风险群体或情况，并设计健康预防计划。
