Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Br J Dermatol. 2011 Oct;165(4):751-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10458.x.
Human skin is colonized by bacteria. The development of new genomic microbiological techniques has revealed that the bacterial ecology of human skin is far more complex than previously imagined and includes many fastidious or noncultivable bacterial species which are found on both normal and diseased skin. In nature, the predominant bacterial phenotype on epithelial surfaces is that of organisms organized within a biofilm. This contrasts with the widely held belief that bacteria are planktonic, i.e. free-floating single cells. Biofilms are sessile bacterial communities encased in an extracellular matrix that have a well-developed communication system and can regulate bacterial growth and metabolism, confer resistance to antimicrobials and to host inflammatory cells, and alter host metabolism. Biofilms have been observed on healthy skin and in a number of dermatological conditions, including some that were previously thought not to have an infectious aetiology. Here we review the concept of biofilms and their role in cutaneous health and disease.
人体皮肤被细菌定植。新的基因组微生物技术的发展表明，人类皮肤的细菌生态系统远比先前想象的复杂，包括许多在正常和患病皮肤上都能发现的苛刻或不可培养的细菌种类。在自然界中，上皮表面的主要细菌表型是存在于生物膜中的生物体。这与人们普遍认为的细菌是浮游的，即自由漂浮的单个细胞的观点形成了对比。生物膜是被包裹在细胞外基质中的静止细菌群落，具有发达的通讯系统，能够调节细菌的生长和代谢，赋予对抗生素和宿主炎症细胞的抗性，并改变宿主的新陈代谢。在健康的皮肤上和一些皮肤科疾病中都观察到了生物膜，包括一些以前被认为没有感染病因的疾病。在这里，我们回顾了生物膜的概念及其在皮肤健康和疾病中的作用。
