Kambe Taiho
Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011;75(6):1036-43. doi: 10.1271/bbb.110056. Epub 2011 Jun 13.
Zinc plays essential roles in the early secretory pathway for a number of secretory, membrane-bound, and endosome/lysosome-resident enzymes. It enables the enzymes to fold properly and become functional, by binding as a structural or catalytic component. Moreover, zinc secreted from the secretory vesicles/granules into the extracellular space has a pivotal role as a signaling molecule for various physiological functions. Zinc transporters of the Slc30a/ZnT and Slc39a/Zip families play crucial roles in these functions, mediating zinc influx to and efflux from the lumen of the secretory pathway, constitutively or in a cell-specific manner. This paper reviews current knowledge of the ways these two zinc transporters perform these tasks by manipulating zinc homeostasis in the secretory pathway. Recent questions concerning zinc released into the cytoplasm from the secretory pathway, which then functions as an intracellular signaling molecule, are also briefly reviewed, emphasizing zinc transporter functions.
锌在许多分泌性、膜结合性以及内体/溶酶体驻留酶的早期分泌途径中发挥着重要作用。它作为结构或催化成分结合，使这些酶能够正确折叠并发挥功能。此外，从分泌小泡/颗粒分泌到细胞外空间的锌作为各种生理功能的信号分子起着关键作用。Slc30a/ZnT和Slc39a/Zip家族的锌转运体在这些功能中发挥着至关重要的作用，以组成性或细胞特异性方式介导锌流入和流出分泌途径的管腔。本文综述了目前关于这两种锌转运体如何通过调节分泌途径中的锌稳态来执行这些任务的知识。还简要回顾了最近关于从分泌途径释放到细胞质中然后作为细胞内信号分子发挥作用的锌的问题，重点强调锌转运体的功能。
