Holmberg S D
AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Cancer Detect Prev. 1990;14(3):331-6.
Because of the various neoplastic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the variable period between HIV infection and the development of tumors related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it is possible that certain behaviors, toxins, genes, or infectious agents--particularly viruses--may act as cofactors in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related neoplasms. Most epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of possible cofactors have been directed toward Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), by far the most common AIDS-related tumor and one closely associated with male homosexual lifestyle in the U.S. Nonetheless, epidemiologic investigations of putative associations have not demonstrated any clear association between KS and particular viruses. Furthermore, laboratory investigations, both serologic and molecular/genetic, have failed to definitively implicate as cofactors for KS these viruses: cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses, pathogenic human papillomaviruses, or human herpes virus type 6. Investigations of a suggested association between EBV and AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's (B cell) lymphomas (NHLs) have also been inconclusive. However, HIV may act as a cofactor in accelerating the development of hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. In summary, viral or other cofactors have not been definitely identified as cofactors in AIDS-related tumors.
由于人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）具有多种肿瘤表现形式，且从HIV感染到与获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）相关肿瘤发生的时间间隔不一，某些行为、毒素、基因或感染因子——尤其是病毒——可能在AIDS相关肿瘤的发病机制中作为辅助因素起作用。对可能的辅助因素进行的大多数流行病学和实验室研究都针对卡波西肉瘤（KS），它是迄今为止最常见的与AIDS相关的肿瘤，且在美国与男性同性恋生活方式密切相关。尽管如此，关于假定关联的流行病学研究并未证明KS与特定病毒之间存在任何明确关联。此外，血清学以及分子/遗传学方面的实验室研究均未能明确表明这些病毒是KS的辅助因素：巨细胞病毒、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）、单纯疱疹病毒、致病性人乳头瘤病毒或人类疱疹病毒6型。对EBV与AIDS相关非霍奇金（B细胞）淋巴瘤（NHL）之间假定关联的研究也尚无定论。然而，HIV可能作为辅助因素加速乙型肝炎相关肝细胞癌的发展。总之，病毒或其他辅助因素尚未被明确认定为AIDS相关肿瘤的辅助因素。
