Maghsudlu M, Nasizadeh S
Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
Transfus Med. 2011 Aug;21(4):247-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2011.01077.x. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
One of the challenges faced by blood transfusion services is the motivation of blood donors. The purpose of this study was to define the motivations of Iranian donors.
A total of 16 955 volunteers were studied to evaluate their motivation for blood donation in 2003 and 2004. A questionnaire was designed covering socio-demographic characteristics, history of blood donation and a list of reasons for donating. The donor physician determined the donor's motivation after an interview. Motivation was classified as internal (altruistic and religious beliefs) and external motives.
The main motivations were 6629 (39.1%) altruistic, 6552 (38.6%) good for one's health and 1931 (11.4%) religious beliefs. It was shown that 8560 volunteers (50.5%) had internal motivations and 8395 (49.5%) had external motivations. Internal motivations were significantly higher in women, regular and educated donors.
This study showed that internal motives are the main reason for blood donation in Iranian donors, especially in female, regular and high-educated donors. Thus, altruistic and religious messages can be emphasized in recruiting and retaining donors, particularly in this group. Nearly half of the donors were motivated by external factors--mainly to improve their own health status, especially in older donors. This may be due to a psychological impact in which they feel improvement in their general health. As voluntary non-remunerated blood donation is defined without considering the motivational factor, one might consider a new term such as 'internal motivated voluntary blood donors' in accordance with their motivation and efforts could be centered about recruiting these specific donors.
输血服务面临的挑战之一是献血者的动机。本研究的目的是确定伊朗献血者的动机。
2003年和2004年，共对16955名志愿者进行了研究，以评估他们献血的动机。设计了一份问卷，涵盖社会人口学特征、献血历史和献血原因清单。献血医生在面试后确定献血者的动机。动机分为内在动机（利他主义和宗教信仰）和外在动机。
主要动机包括利他主义6629人（39.1%）、有益健康6552人（38.6%）和宗教信仰1931人（11.4%）。结果显示，8560名志愿者（50.5%）有内在动机，8395名志愿者（49.5%）有外在动机。女性、定期献血者和受过教育的献血者的内在动机明显更高。
本研究表明，内在动机是伊朗献血者献血的主要原因，尤其是女性、定期献血者和受过高等教育的献血者。因此，在招募和留住献血者时，尤其是在这一群体中，可以强调利他主义和宗教信息。近一半的献血者受外在因素驱动——主要是为了改善自身健康状况，尤其是老年献血者。这可能是由于一种心理影响，即他们感觉自己的总体健康状况有所改善。由于自愿无偿献血的定义未考虑动机因素，人们可能会根据他们的动机考虑一个新术语，如“内在动机自愿献血者”，并且招募这些特定献血者的工作可以围绕他们的动机和努力展开。
