Department of Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1772, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2011 Jun;52(2):163-79. doi: 10.1177/0022146510393974.
This study examines the association of cognitive functioning with urban neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and racial/ethnic segregation for a U.S. national sample of persons in late middle age, a time in the life course when cognitive deficits begin to emerge. The key hypothesis is that effects of neighborhood on cognitive functioning are not uniform but are most pronounced among subgroups of the population defined by socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity. Data are from the third wave of the Health and Retirement Survey for the birth cohort of 1931 to 1941, which was 55 to 65 years of age in 1996 (analytic N = 4,525), and the 1990 U.S. Census. Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage has an especially large negative impact on cognitive functioning among persons who are themselves poor, an instance of compound disadvantage. These findings have policy implications supporting "upstream" interventions to enhance cognitive functioning, especially among those most adversely affected by neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage.
本研究考察了认知功能与城市邻里社会经济劣势和种族/族裔隔离之间的关系，研究对象为美国中年后期的人群，这是认知缺陷开始出现的生命阶段。主要假设是，邻里环境对认知功能的影响并非一致，而是在由社会经济地位和种族/族裔定义的人群亚组中最为明显。数据来自 1931 年至 1941 年出生队列的健康与退休调查的第三波，1996 年时年龄在 55 至 65 岁之间（分析 N=4525），以及 1990 年的美国人口普查。在自身贫困的人群中，邻里社会经济劣势对认知功能有特别大的负面影响，这是一种复合劣势。这些发现具有政策意义，支持“上游”干预措施来增强认知功能，尤其是在那些受邻里社会经济劣势影响最大的人群中。
