Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service-U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Vet Parasitol. 2011 Sep 27;181(2-4):97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.003. Epub 2011 May 10.
Two phytonutrient mixtures, VAC (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and Capsicum oleoresin), and MC (Capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin), were evaluated for their effects on chicken immune responses following immunization with an Eimeria profilin protein. Chickens were fed with a non-supplemented diet, or with VAC- or MC-supplemented diets, immunized with profilin, and orally challenged with virulent oocysts of Eimeria tenella. Immunity against infection was evaluated by body weight, fecal oocyst shedding, profilin antibody levels, lymphocyte recall responses, cytokine expression, and lymphocyte subpopulations. Following immunization and infection, chickens fed the VAC- or MC-supplemented diets showed increased body weights, greater profilin antibody levels, and/or greater lymphocyte proliferation compared with non-supplemented controls. Prior to Eimeria infection, immunized chickens on the MC-supplemented diet showed reduced IFN-γ and IL-6 levels, but increased expression of TNFSF15, compared with non-supplemented controls. Post-infection levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 were increased, while IL-17F transcripts were decreased, with MC-supplementation. For VAC-supplemented diets, decreased IL-17F and TNFSF15 levels were observed only in infected chickens. Finally, immunized chickens fed the MC-supplemented diet exhibited increased MHC class II(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), TCR1+, or TCR2(+) T cells compared with nonsupplemented controls. Animals on the VAC-containing diet only displayed an increase in K1(+) macrophages. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with VAC or MC alters immune parameters following recombinant protein vaccination against avian coccidiosis.
两种植物营养素混合物，VAC（香芹酚、肉桂醛和辣椒树脂）和 MC（辣椒树脂和姜黄树脂），用于评估它们在免疫 Eimeria profilin 蛋白后对鸡免疫反应的影响。鸡用未补充饮食或补充 VAC 或 MC 饮食喂养，用 profilins 免疫，并经口用强毒 Eimeria tenella 卵囊攻毒。通过体重、粪便卵囊脱落、profilin 抗体水平、淋巴细胞回忆反应、细胞因子表达和淋巴细胞亚群评估对感染的免疫力。在免疫和感染后，与未补充对照相比，补充 VAC 或 MC 的鸡体重增加，profilin 抗体水平更高，或淋巴细胞增殖更强。在 Eimeria 感染之前，与未补充对照相比，补充 MC 的免疫鸡显示 IFN-γ 和 IL-6 水平降低，但 TNFSF15 表达增加。感染后，MC 补充可增加 IFN-γ 和 IL-6 水平，同时降低 IL-17F 转录物。对于 VAC 补充饮食，仅在感染鸡中观察到 IL-17F 和 TNFSF15 水平降低。最后，补充 MC 的免疫鸡表现出 MHC 类 II(+)、CD4(+)、CD8(+)、TCR1+或 TCR2(+)T 细胞增加，与未补充对照相比。仅在摄入 VAC 的饮食的动物中观察到 K1(+)巨噬细胞增加。总之，日粮补充 VAC 或 MC 可改变禽类球虫病重组蛋白疫苗接种后的免疫参数。
