Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatric, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, and the Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Jul;31(7):1530-9. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.221549.
Conventional views of the tunica adventitia as a poorly organized layer of vessel wall composed of fibroblasts, connective tissue, and perivascular nerves are undergoing revision. Recent studies suggest that the adventitia has properties of a stem/progenitor cell niche in the artery wall that may be poised to respond to arterial injury. It is also a major site of immune surveillance and inflammatory cell trafficking and harbors a dynamic microvasculature, the vasa vasorum, that maintains the medial layer and provides an important gateway for macrophage and leukocyte migration into the intima. In addition, the adventitia is in contact with tissue that surrounds the vessel and may actively participate in exchange of signals and cells between the vessel wall and the tissue in which it resides. This brief review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the adventitia and its resident progenitor cells and discusses progress toward an integrated view of adventitial function in vascular development, repair, and disease.
传统观点认为，中膜外膜是血管壁中组织排列不佳的一层，由成纤维细胞、结缔组织和血管周围神经组成，但这一观点正在发生改变。最近的研究表明，中膜外膜具有动脉壁中干细胞/祖细胞龛的特性，可能对动脉损伤做出反应。它也是免疫监视和炎症细胞运输的主要场所，并且拥有动态的微血管系统，即血管系统，维持中膜，并为巨噬细胞和白细胞迁移到内膜提供了一个重要的门户。此外，中膜外膜与血管周围的组织接触，可能会积极参与血管壁与其所在组织之间的信号和细胞交换。这篇简要综述强调了我们对中膜外膜及其驻留祖细胞的理解的最新进展，并讨论了对中膜外膜在血管发育、修复和疾病中的功能的综合观点的研究进展。
