Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011 Jul;15(7):972-7. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0524.
Second-hand smoke (SHS) constitutes a significant public health threat in countries with a high smoking prevalence. However, data assessing the quality of indoor air at public venues in Pakistan are limited.
To measure mean concentrations of PM(2.5) (particulate matter ≤2.5 microns in diameter), a sensitive indicator of SHS, in hospitality venues in Pakistan.
Data were collected discreetly from 39 indoor venues such as cafes, restaurants and shisha (water-pipe) bars from three major cities in Pakistan. Data were recorded using a portable air quality monitoring device.
The overall mean PM(2.5) value for the visited venues was 846 μg/m(3) (95%CI 484-1205). The mean PM(2.5) value was 101 μg/m(3) (95%CI 69-135 μg/m(3)) for non-smoking venues, 689 μg/m(3) (95%CI 241-1138) for cigarette smoking venues and 1745 μg/m(3) (95%CI 925-2565) for shisha smoking venues.
The significant levels of SHS recorded in this study, in particular from shisha smoking venues, could represent a major public health burden in Pakistan. Appropriate legislation needs to be enforced to protect the health of those exposed to the hazards of second-hand tobacco smoke.
二手烟（SHS）在吸烟率较高的国家构成了重大的公共卫生威胁。然而，评估巴基斯坦公共场所室内空气质量的数据有限。
测量巴基斯坦接待场所中 PM（2.5）（直径≤2.5 微米的颗粒物）的平均浓度，这是 SHS 的一个敏感指标。
从巴基斯坦三个主要城市的 39 个室内场所（如咖啡馆、餐馆和水烟酒吧）中秘密收集数据。使用便携式空气质量监测设备记录数据。
访问场所的总体平均 PM（2.5）值为 846μg/m（3）（95%CI 484-1205）。非吸烟场所的 PM（2.5）平均值为 101μg/m（3）（95%CI 69-135μg/m（3）），吸烟场所为 689μg/m（3）（95%CI 241-1138），水烟吸烟场所为 1745μg/m（3）（95%CI 925-2565）。
本研究记录的显著 SHS 水平，特别是来自水烟吸烟场所的水平，可能代表巴基斯坦的一个重大公共卫生负担。需要实施适当的立法来保护那些接触二手烟草烟雾危害的人的健康。
