Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology and, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Jul;73(2):293-300. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.015. Epub 2011 May 27.
There is evidence of a long-term rise in the prevalence of adolescent emotional problems in the U.K. and in other countries. The aim of this study was to test whether time trends in parents' emotional difficulties contributed to these increases using data from two national surveys of English teenagers and parents studied twenty years apart (1986 and 2006). The 1986 sample is the age 16 follow-up of the 1970 British Cohort Study (N = 4524 adolescents, N = 7169 parents). The 2006 sample included 16/17-year-olds and their parents drawn from the 2002 and 2003 Health Surveys for England (N = 711). Both studies used identical self-complete questionnaire assessments of adolescent (GHQ-12 and Malaise Inventory) and parent (Malaise) symptoms of depression and anxiety. Follow-up data on emotional problems and psychiatric service use at age 30 years (N = 2785) for adolescents in the first cohort was used to validate the role of parent emotional problems as risk factors for offspring mental health. We found that maternal emotional problems increased across all socio-demographic groups between 1986 and 2006, mirroring increases in adolescent emotional problems over this period. They were cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with adolescent emotional problems. Cohort differences in adolescent emotional problems were attenuated when accounting for the increase in maternal emotional problems. Rising rates of maternal emotional problems have likely contributed to, but do not fully explain, recent time trends in adolescent emotional problems.
有证据表明，在英国和其他国家，青少年情绪问题的患病率长期呈上升趋势。本研究旨在通过对相隔 20 年的两次英国青少年和父母全国性调查（1986 年和 2006 年）的数据进行研究，来检验父母情绪困难的时间趋势是否导致了这些增加。1986 年的样本是 1970 年英国队列研究的 16 岁随访（N=4524 名青少年，N=7169 名父母）。2006 年的样本包括来自 2002 年和 2003 年英格兰健康调查的 16/17 岁青少年及其父母（N=711）。两项研究均使用相同的自我完整问卷评估青少年（GHQ-12 和不适量表）和父母（不适量表）的抑郁和焦虑症状。第一个队列中的青少年在 30 岁时（N=2785）的后续情绪问题和精神卫生服务使用情况的数据用于验证父母情绪问题作为后代心理健康风险因素的作用。我们发现，1986 年至 2006 年间，所有社会人口统计学群体的母亲情绪问题都有所增加，这与同期青少年情绪问题的增加相吻合。它们与青少年情绪问题存在横断面和前瞻性关联。当考虑到母亲情绪问题的增加时，青少年情绪问题的队列差异会减弱。母亲情绪问题的上升率可能导致了青少年情绪问题的近期时间趋势，但并不能完全解释这一趋势。
