Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Asia Pacific Foundation for Infectious Diseases, 50 IL-won dong Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Aug;38(2):108-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.02.017. Epub 2011 Jun 16.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity amongst adults in the Asia-Pacific region. Literature published between 1990 and May 2010 on the clinical and economic burden of CAP amongst adults in this region was reviewed. CAP is a significant health burden with significant economic impact in this region. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and advanced age were risk factors for CAP. Aetiological agents included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Gram-negative bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Staphylococcus aureus and atypical pathogens (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Legionella spp.), with important differences in the prevalence of these pathogens within the region. Antibiotic resistance was significant but was not linked to excess mortality. Aetiological pathogens remained susceptible to newer antimicrobial agents. Rational antibiotic use is essential for preventing resistance, and increased surveillance is required to identify future trends in incidence and aetiology and to drive treatment and prevention strategies.
社区获得性肺炎（CAP）是亚太地区成年人发病率和死亡率的重要原因。对该地区成年人 CAP 的临床和经济负担的文献，发表于 1990 年至 2010 年 5 月之间。CAP 是该地区的一个重大健康负担，对经济有重大影响。慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心血管疾病、糖尿病和高龄是 CAP 的危险因素。病原体包括肺炎链球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、革兰氏阴性菌、结核分枝杆菌、类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和非典型病原体（肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体和军团菌属），该地区这些病原体的流行率存在重要差异。抗生素耐药性很明显，但与超额死亡率无关。病原体对新型抗生素仍敏感。合理使用抗生素对于预防耐药性至关重要，需要加强监测，以了解发病率和病因的未来趋势，并推动治疗和预防策略。
