Hooper D Craig, Roy Anirban, Kean Rhonda B, Phares Timothy W, Barkhouse Darryll A
Center for Neurovirology, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th Street, PA 19107, USA.
Future Virol. 2011 Mar 1;6(3):387-397. doi: 10.2217/fvl.10.88.
The long-held concept that rabies infection is lethal in humans once the causative rabies virus has reached the CNS has been called into question by the recent survival of a number of patients with clinical rabies. Studies in animal models provide insight into why survival from a rabies virus infection that has spread to the CNS is possible and the immune mechanisms involved. In the CNS, both innate mechanisms capable of inhibiting virus replication and the activity of infiltrating rabies virus-specific T and B cells with the capacity to clear the virus are required. Deficiencies in the induction of either aspect of rabies immunity can lead to lethal consequences but may be overcome by novel approaches to active and passive immunization.
长期以来的观念认为，一旦致病性狂犬病病毒到达中枢神经系统，狂犬病感染对人类就是致命的，但最近一些临床狂犬病患者的存活对此提出了质疑。动物模型研究有助于深入了解为何已扩散至中枢神经系统的狂犬病病毒感染仍有可能存活以及其中涉及的免疫机制。在中枢神经系统中，既需要能够抑制病毒复制的先天性机制，也需要具有清除病毒能力的浸润性狂犬病病毒特异性T细胞和B细胞的活性。狂犬病免疫这两个方面的诱导缺陷都可能导致致命后果，但可以通过主动和被动免疫的新方法加以克服。
