Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Dermatol Ther. 2011 May-Jun;24(3):369-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2011.01414.x.
Alopecia areata (AA) is often easy to diagnose but a scalp biopsy for horizontal sectioning is routine in this research clinic. The characteristic histological feature of AA is the peribulbar and intrabulbar mononuclear cell infiltrate, which occurs in the acute stage of the disease but may be absent in biopsies taken at a later stage. AA evolves through acute, subacute, chronic, and recovery phases. Increased numbers of terminal catagen and telogen hairs are found in the acute and perhaps subacute stages with increased numbers of miniaturized, vellus-like hairs in the subacute and chronic stages. Thus, it is important for clinicians and pathologists to recognize the different phases of AA, so that in the absence of the classic findings of a peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrate, a diagnosis of AA can still confidently be made.
斑秃（AA）通常易于诊断，但在本研究诊所中，头皮活检进行水平切片是常规操作。AA 的特征性组织学特征是围绕毛囊和毛囊内的单核细胞浸润，这种现象发生在疾病的急性期，但在后期进行的活检中可能不存在。AA 经过急性、亚急性、慢性和恢复期。在急性和可能的亚急性阶段，终毛和休止期毛发数量增加，在亚急性和慢性阶段，微小的绒毛状毛发数量增加。因此，临床医生和病理学家认识到 AA 的不同阶段非常重要，因此，在缺乏围绕淋巴细胞浸润的典型发现的情况下，仍然可以有信心地诊断为 AA。
