Mays Darren, Gatti Margaret E, Thompson Nancy J
Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2011 Jun;4(2):98-109. doi: 10.2174/1874473711104020098.
Sports participation, while offering numerous developmental benefits for adolescents, has been associated with alcohol use in prior research. However, the relationship between sports participation and alcohol use among adolescents remains unclear, particularly how research design elements impact evidence of this relationship. We reviewed the evidence regarding sports participation and alcohol use among adolescents, with a focus on examining the potential impact of research design elements on this evidence.
Studies were assessed for eligibility and coded based on research design elements including: study design, sampling method, sample size, and measures of sports participation and alcohol use.
Fifty-four studies were assessed for eligibility, 29 of which were included in the review. Nearly two-thirds used a cross-sectional design and a random sampling method, with sample sizes ranging from 178 to 50,168 adolescents (Median = 1,769). Sixteen studies used a categorical measure of sports participation, while 7 applied an index-type measure and 6 employed some other measure of sports participation. Most studies assessed alcohol-related behaviors (n = 18) through categorical measures, while only 6 applied frequency only measures of alcohol use, 1 study applied quantity only measures, and 3 studies used quantity and frequency measures.
Sports participation has been defined and measured in various ways, most of which do not differentiate between interscholastic and community-based contexts, confounding this relationship. Stronger measures of both sports participation and alcohol use need to be applied in future studies to advance our understanding of this relationship among youths.
体育参与虽然能为青少年带来诸多发展益处，但先前的研究表明其与饮酒行为有关。然而，青少年体育参与和饮酒之间的关系仍不明确，特别是研究设计要素如何影响这一关系的证据。我们回顾了有关青少年体育参与和饮酒的证据，重点考察研究设计要素对这一证据的潜在影响。
根据研究设计要素对研究进行资格评估和编码，这些要素包括：研究设计、抽样方法、样本量以及体育参与和饮酒的测量方法。
对54项研究进行了资格评估，其中29项纳入了本综述。近三分之二的研究采用横断面设计和随机抽样方法，样本量从178名至50168名青少年不等（中位数 = 1769）。16项研究采用了体育参与的分类测量方法，7项采用指数型测量方法，6项采用了其他体育参与测量方法。大多数研究（n = 18）通过分类测量评估与酒精相关的行为，而只有6项研究仅采用饮酒频率测量方法，1项研究仅采用饮酒量测量方法，3项研究同时采用饮酒量和频率测量方法。
体育参与的定义和测量方式多种多样，其中大多数未区分校际和社区背景，这使得这种关系变得复杂。未来的研究需要采用更强有力的体育参与和饮酒测量方法，以增进我们对青少年中这种关系的理解。
