Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30100- Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2011 Jul;40(5):310-4. doi: 10.1259/dmfr/95408354.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant substances present in the human diet with an antimutagenic protective capacity against genotoxic damage induced by exposure to X-rays in an attempt to reduce biological damage to as low a level as reasonably possible.
Ten compounds were assessed using the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) cytome test. The compounds studied were added to human blood at 25 μM 5 min before exposure to irradiation by 2 Gy of X-rays.
The protective capacity of the antioxidant substances assessed was from highest to lowest according to the frequency of the MN generated by X-ray exposure: rosmarinic acid = carnosic acid = δ-tocopherol = l-acid ascorbic = apigenin = amifostine (P < 0.001) > green tea extract = diosmine = rutin = dimetylsulfoxide (P < 0.05) > irradiated control. The reduction in genotoxic damage with the radiation doses administered reached 58%, which represents a significant reduction in X-ray-induced chromosomal damage (P < 0.001). This degree of protection is greater than that obtained with amifostine, a radioprotective compound used in radiotherapy and which is characterised by its high toxicity.
Several antioxidant substances, common components of the human diet and lacking toxicity, offer protection from the biological harm induced by ionizing radiation. Administering these protective substances to patients before radiological exploration should be considered, even in the case of small radiation doses and regardless of the biological damage expected.
本研究旨在评估人类饮食中具有抗突变保护能力的抗氧化物质，以减少因暴露于 X 射线而引起的遗传毒性损伤的生物损害，使其尽可能低。
使用淋巴细胞胞质阻断微核（MN）细胞试验评估了 10 种化合物。将研究的化合物以 25 μM 的浓度添加到人类血液中，在暴露于 2 Gy X 射线照射前 5 分钟。
根据 X 射线照射产生的 MN 频率，评估的抗氧化物质的保护能力从高到低依次为：迷迭香酸=熊果酸=δ-生育酚=l-抗坏血酸=芹菜素=氨磷汀（P<0.001）>绿茶提取物=橙皮苷=芦丁=二甲亚砜（P<0.05）>照射对照。用所给予的辐射剂量减少遗传毒性损伤达到 58%，这代表 X 射线诱导的染色体损伤显著减少（P<0.001）。这种保护程度大于放射保护化合物氨磷汀，氨磷汀用于放射治疗，其特点是毒性高。
几种抗氧化物质是人类饮食中的常见成分，缺乏毒性，为电离辐射引起的生物危害提供保护。在放射学检查前应考虑给患者服用这些保护物质，即使是小剂量辐射，也应考虑，无论预期的生物损害如何。
