Department for Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 36, Göttingen 37073, Germany.
J Med Ethics. 2012 Jun;38(6):342-6. doi: 10.1136/jme.2010.038760. Epub 2011 Jun 22.
The human body and its parts are widely perceived as matters beyond commercial usage. This belief is codified in several national and European documents. This so-called 'no-property rule' is held to be the default position across the countries of the European Union. However, a closer look at the most pertinent national and European documents, and also current practices in the field, reveals a gradual model of commercialisation of human tissue. In particular, we will argue that the ban on commercialisation of body material is not as strict as it may appear at first sight, leaving room for the commercial practice of tissue procurement and transfer. We argue for more transparent information for patients and tissue donors, an intensified ethical debate on commercialisation practices, and a critical review of current normative principles.
人体及其部位被广泛认为是超出商业用途的。这种观念被编入了若干国家和欧洲文件。所谓的“无产权规则”被认为是欧盟各国的默认立场。然而，仔细研究最相关的国家和欧洲文件以及该领域的现行做法，可以发现人体组织的商业化逐渐成为一种模式。特别是，我们将认为，禁止人体材料的商业化并不像乍一看那么严格，为组织采购和转移的商业实践留出了空间。我们主张为患者和组织捐献者提供更透明的信息，加强对商业化实践的伦理辩论，并对现行规范原则进行批判性审查。
