School of Scinence and Technology, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico 00778.
Mycologia. 2011 Nov-Dec;103(6):1161-74. doi: 10.3852/11-108.
Fungi are found in all aerobic ecosystems, colonizing a diversity of substrates and performing a wide diversity of functions, some of which are not well understood. Many spices of fungi are cosmopolitan and generalists or habitats. Unusual fungal niches are habitats where extreme conditions would be expected to prevent the development of a mycobiota. In this review we describe five unusual fungal habitats in which fungi occupy poorly understood niches: Antarctic dry valleys, high Arctic glaciers, salt flats and salterns, hypersaline microbial mats and plant trichomes. Yeasts, black yeast-like fungi, melanized filamentous species as well as representatives of Aspergillus and Penicillium seem to be dominant among the mycobiota adapted to cold and saline niches. Plant trichomes appear to be a taxa. The advent of new sequencing technologies is helping to elucidate the microbial diversity in many ecosystems, but more studies are needed to document the functional role of fungi in the microbial communities thriving in these unusual environments.
真菌存在于所有需氧生态系统中，定殖于多种基质并发挥着广泛多样的功能，其中一些功能尚未被很好地理解。许多真菌物种是世界性的，具有广生态幅和广栖息地适应能力。不寻常的真菌生境是指那些预期会存在极端条件从而阻止其形成菌区系的栖息地。在这篇综述中，我们描述了真菌占据着人们尚未充分了解的小生境的五个不寻常的真菌生境：南极干旱谷、高北极冰川、盐滩和盐田、高盐度微生物垫和植物毛状体。在适应寒冷和盐生境的菌区系中，似乎以酵母、黑酵母样真菌、黑化丝状物种以及曲霉菌属和青霉菌属的代表种为主。植物毛状体似乎是一个独特的真菌栖息地。新测序技术的出现有助于阐明许多生态系统中的微生物多样性，但仍需要更多的研究来记录真菌在这些不寻常环境中茁壮成长的微生物群落中的功能作用。
