Sonjak Silva, Frisvad Jens C, Gunde-Cimerman Nina
Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Microb Ecol. 2006 Aug;52(2):207-16. doi: 10.1007/s00248-006-9086-0. Epub 2006 Aug 8.
Fungi have been only rarely isolated from glacial ice in extremely cold polar regions and were in these cases considered as random, long-term preserved Aeolian deposits. Fungal presence has so far not been investigated in polar subglacial ice, a recently discovered extreme habitat reported to be inhabited exclusively by heterotrophic bacteria. In this study we report on the very high occurrence (up to 9000 CFU L(-1)) and diversity of filamentous Penicillium spp. in the sediment-rich subglacial ice of three different polythermal Arctic glaciers (Svalbard, Norway). The dominant species was P. crustosum, representing on the average half of all isolated strains from all three glaciers. The other most frequently isolated species were P. bialowiezense, P. chrysogenum, P. thomii, P. solitum, P. palitans, P. echinulatum, P. polonicum, P. commune, P. discolor, P. expansum, and new Penicillium species (sp. 1). Twelve more Penicillium species were occasionally isolated. The fungi isolated produced consistent profiles of secondary metabolites, not different from the same Penicillium species from other habitats. This is the first report on the presence of large populations of Penicillium spp. in subglacial sediment-rich ice.
在极其寒冷的极地地区，真菌仅在冰川冰中被极少分离出来，在这些情况下被视为随机的、长期保存的风成沉积物。到目前为止，尚未对极地冰下冰中的真菌存在情况进行研究，冰下冰是一种最近发现的极端栖息地，据报道仅栖息着异养细菌。在本研究中，我们报告了在挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛三个不同多热型北极冰川富含沉积物的冰下冰中丝状青霉属真菌的高发生率（高达9000 CFU L(-1)）和多样性。优势种是地壳青霉，平均占来自所有三个冰川的所有分离菌株的一半。其他最常分离的物种是比亚沃维耶扎青霉、产黄青霉、特异青霉、孤生青霉、帕利坦青霉、刺状青霉、波兰青霉、普通青霉、变色青霉、扩展青霉和新的青霉物种（物种1）。偶尔还分离出另外12种青霉。分离出的真菌产生的次生代谢产物谱一致，与来自其他栖息地的相同青霉物种没有差异。这是关于在富含沉积物的冰下冰中存在大量青霉属真菌的首次报告。
