National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, 10, Petroverigsky Street, 101990 Moscow, Russia.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2011 Dec;65(8):597-603. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.04.003. Epub 2011 May 31.
APOE alleles and apolipoprotein E isoforms control plasma cholesterol level on population level. Among three ɛ2, ɛ3, ɛ4 alleles, ɛ4 allele is associated with the increase in cholesterol level, risk of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer disease, while ɛ2 allele is associated with the decrease in cholesterol level and risk of atherosclerosis. The increase in plasma triglyceride is an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis and triglyceride-high density lipoprotein coupling determines the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport. The impairment of this coupling specifically at hypertriglyceridemia may be followed by specific lipoprotein markers. The influence of major lipid-lowering drugs on lipoprotein metabolism and association of apoE isoforms with the efficiency of therapy by statins and fibrates are summarized both at isolated and combined increase in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol. APOE polymorphism seems to be a single genetic variant with a confirmed stratification both at candidate gene and at wide genome analyses.
载脂蛋白 E 等位基因和载脂蛋白 E 异构体在人群水平上控制血浆胆固醇水平。在三个 ɛ2、ɛ3、ɛ4 等位基因中，ɛ4 等位基因与胆固醇水平升高、动脉粥样硬化和阿尔茨海默病风险相关，而 ɛ2 等位基因与胆固醇水平降低和动脉粥样硬化风险降低相关。血浆甘油三酯升高是动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素，甘油三酯-高密度脂蛋白耦联决定胆固醇逆向转运的效率。在高甘油三酯血症时这种耦联的损害可能伴随着特定的脂蛋白标志物。总结了主要降脂药物对脂蛋白代谢的影响，以及载脂蛋白 E 异构体与他汀类药物和贝特类药物治疗效率的相关性，分别在血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇的单独和联合升高时进行了研究。载脂蛋白 E 多态性似乎是一个单一的遗传变异，在候选基因和全基因组分析中都得到了证实的分层。
