Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Pantai Valley, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Environ Manage. 2011 Oct;92(10):2355-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.009. Epub 2011 Jun 25.
The contamination of groundwater by heavy metal, originating either from natural soil sources or from anthropogenic sources is a matter of utmost concern to the public health. Remediation of contaminated groundwater is of highest priority since billions of people all over the world use it for drinking purpose. In this paper, thirty five approaches for groundwater treatment have been reviewed and classified under three large categories viz chemical, biochemical/biological/biosorption and physico-chemical treatment processes. Comparison tables have been provided at the end of each process for a better understanding of each category. Selection of a suitable technology for contamination remediation at a particular site is one of the most challenging job due to extremely complex soil chemistry and aquifer characteristics and no thumb-rule can be suggested regarding this issue. In the past decade, iron based technologies, microbial remediation, biological sulphate reduction and various adsorbents played versatile and efficient remediation roles. Keeping the sustainability issues and environmental ethics in mind, the technologies encompassing natural chemistry, bioremediation and biosorption are recommended to be adopted in appropriate cases. In many places, two or more techniques can work synergistically for better results. Processes such as chelate extraction and chemical soil washings are advisable only for recovery of valuable metals in highly contaminated industrial sites depending on economical feasibility.
重金属污染地下水，无论是源自自然土壤源还是人为源，都对公众健康构成了极大的威胁。受污染地下水的修复是当务之急，因为全世界数十亿人都将其用于饮用水。本文综述了 35 种地下水处理方法，并将其分为三大类，即化学处理、生化/生物/生物吸附和物理化学处理工艺。在每个过程的末尾都提供了比较表，以便更好地理解每个类别。由于土壤化学和含水层特性极其复杂，因此在特定地点选择合适的污染修复技术是最具挑战性的工作之一，对于这个问题没有一个通用的规则。在过去的十年中，基于铁的技术、微生物修复、生物硫酸盐还原和各种吸附剂发挥了多样化和有效的修复作用。考虑到可持续性问题和环境伦理，建议在适当的情况下采用涉及自然化学、生物修复和生物吸附的技术。在许多地方，两种或更多种技术可以协同作用以获得更好的效果。螯合萃取和化学土壤洗涤等工艺仅适用于根据经济可行性从高度污染的工业场地中回收有价值的金属。
