Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, K.U.Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Sep 1;409(19):3595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.059. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
This paper investigates the potential CO(2) emission reductions related to a partial switch from fossil fuel-based heat and electricity generation to renewable wood waste-based systems in Flanders. The results show that valorization in large-scale CHP (combined heat and power) systems and co-firing in coal plants have the largest CO(2) reduction per TJ wood waste. However, at current co-firing rates of 10%, the CO(2) reduction per GWh of electricity that can be achieved by co-firing in coal plants is five times lower than the CO(2) reduction per GWh of large-scale CHP. Moreover, analysis of the effect of government support for co-firing of wood waste in coal-fired power plants on the marginal costs of electricity generation plants reveals that the effect of the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is effectively counterbalanced. This is due to the fact that biomass integrated gasification combined cycles (BIGCC) are not yet commercially available. An increase of the fraction of coal-based electricity in the total electricity generation from 8 to 10% at the expense of the fraction of gas-based electricity due to the government support for co-firing wood waste, would compensate entirely for the CO(2) reduction by substitution of coal by wood waste. This clearly illustrates the possibility of a 'rebound' effect on the CO(2) reduction due to government support for co-combustion of wood waste in an electricity generation system with large installed capacity of coal- and gas-based power plants, such as the Belgian one.
本文研究了弗拉芒地区从化石燃料供热和发电向可再生木质废料基系统部分转型相关的 CO(2)减排潜力。结果表明，在大型 CHP（热电联产）系统中的利用以及在煤电厂中的混烧具有每 TJ 木质废料最大的 CO(2)减排量。然而，在当前 10%的混烧率下，煤电厂中混烧所能实现的每 GWh 电量的 CO(2)减排量仅是大型 CHP 的五分之一。此外，对政府支持煤电厂混烧木质废料对发电站边际成本的影响进行分析后发现，欧洲排放交易计划（EU ETS）的影响被有效抵消了。这是因为生物质整体煤气化联合循环（BIGCC）还没有商业化。如果政府支持混烧木质废料，导致以煤为基础的发电量在总发电量中的比例从 8%增加到 10%，同时以天然气为基础的发电量的比例减少，那么这将完全抵消因用木质废料替代煤而产生的 CO(2)减排量。这清楚地说明了在比利时等拥有大量煤电和气电装机容量的发电系统中，由于政府支持混烧木质废料，可能会出现 CO(2)减排的“反弹”效应。
