Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Universidad de Chile.
Biol Res. 2011;44(1):35-41. doi: 10.4067/S0716-97602011000100005. Epub 2011 May 11.
Epithelial and neuronal cells are highly asymmetric, with discrete regions responsible for different roles that underlie the generation of specific compartments within cells that are distinct in biochemical composition, structure, and morphology that ultimately lead to distinct functions. Controlled and specific molecular targeting and sorting have been studied to understand the generation of asymmetric domains inside cells. Recently, a new and complementary explanation has emerged to account for the generation of domains that are enriched by a subset of proteins or polarization determinants: local proteolysis. In this review, we discuss the most conspicuous proteolytic systems that may contribute to the generation of cell polarity, namely the ubiquitin-proteosome and the calpain systems. Specifically, we focus this review on two cellular processes that depend on the acquisition of cell polarity; cell migration and the establishment of an axon in a neuronal cell.
上皮细胞和神经元细胞具有高度的不对称性，其不同区域承担着不同的角色，从而在细胞内产生具有不同生化组成、结构和形态的特定隔室，最终导致不同的功能。人们已经对受控和特定的分子靶向和分类进行了研究，以了解细胞内不对称结构域的产生。最近，出现了一种新的、补充性的解释，用于说明由蛋白质或极化决定因素的子集富集的结构域的产生：局部蛋白水解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了可能有助于产生细胞极性的最明显的蛋白水解系统，即泛素-蛋白酶体系统和钙蛋白酶系统。具体来说，我们将本综述的重点放在两个依赖于获得细胞极性的细胞过程上；细胞迁移和神经元细胞中轴突的建立。
