Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 15;22(22):12340. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212340.
Cell polarity is essential for many functions of cells and tissues including the initial establishment and subsequent maintenance of epithelial tissues, asymmetric cell division, and morphogenetic movements. Cell polarity along the apical-basal axis is controlled by three protein complexes that interact with and co-regulate each other: The Par-, Crumbs-, and Scrib-complexes. The localization and activity of the components of these complexes is predominantly controlled by protein-protein interactions and protein phosphorylation status. Increasing evidence accumulates that, besides the regulation at the protein level, the precise expression control of polarity determinants contributes substantially to cell polarity regulation. Here we review how gene expression regulation influences processes that depend on the induction, maintenance, or abolishment of cell polarity with a special focus on epithelial to mesenchymal transition and asymmetric stem cell division. We conclude that gene expression control is an important and often neglected mechanism in the control of cell polarity.
细胞极性对于细胞和组织的许多功能至关重要，包括上皮组织的初始建立和随后的维持、不对称细胞分裂和形态发生运动。沿着顶端-基底轴的细胞极性由三个相互作用并相互调节的蛋白质复合物控制：Par、Crumb 和 Scrib 复合物。这些复合物的成分的定位和活性主要受蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用和蛋白质磷酸化状态的控制。越来越多的证据表明，除了蛋白质水平的调节外，极性决定因素的精确表达控制对细胞极性调节有很大贡献。在这里，我们回顾了基因表达调控如何影响依赖于细胞极性的诱导、维持或消除的过程，特别关注上皮-间充质转化和不对称干细胞分裂。我们得出结论，基因表达控制是控制细胞极性的一个重要且经常被忽视的机制。
