Giant syringobulbia associated with cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst and hydrocephalus.

The aim in reporting this case was to discuss the pathophysiology and treatment issues in an infant with a giant syringobulbia associated with a right cerebellopontine angle (CPA) arachnoid cyst causing noncommunicating hydrocephalus. This 7-month-old infant presented to the hospital with a history of delayed milestones and an abnormal increase in head circumference. Magnetic resonance images and CT scans of the brain showed a large CSF cavity involving the entire brainstem and a right CPA arachnoid cyst causing obstruction of the fourth ventricle and dilation of the lateral and third ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid diversion was performed by direct communication from the syringobulbia cavity to the left lateral ventricle and from the left lateral ventricle through another ventricular catheter; external ventricular drainage was performed temporarily for 5 days. Communication between the syrinx and arachnoid cyst was confirmed. Clinically, there was a reduction in head circumference, and serial MR imaging of the brain showed a decrease in the size of the syrinx cavity and the ventricle along with opening of the normal CSF pathways. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no further intervention was necessary. On follow-up of the child at 3 years, his developmental milestones were normal. Surgical intervention for this condition is mandatory. The appropriate type of surgery should be performed on the basis of the pathophysiology of the developing syringobulbia.