Leat Susan J
School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Clin Exp Optom. 2011 Nov;94(6):514-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2011.00600.x. Epub 2011 Jul 3.
This paper discusses the considerations for prescribing a refractive correction in infants and children up to and including school age, with reference to the current literature. The focus is on children who do not have other disorders, for example, binocular vision anomalies, such as strabismus, significant heterophoria or convergence excess. However, refractive amblyogenic factors are discussed, as is prescribing for refractive amblyopia. Based on this discussion, guidelines are proposed, which indicate when to prescribe spectacles and what amount of refractive error should be corrected. It may be argued that these are premature because there are many questions that remain unanswered and we do not have the quality of evidence that we would like; the clinician, however, must make decisions on whether and what to prescribe when examining a child. These guidelines are to aid clinicians in their current clinical decision making.
本文参考当前文献，探讨了为婴儿及包括学龄儿童在内的儿童开具屈光矫正处方时的注意事项。重点关注没有其他疾病的儿童，例如双眼视觉异常，如斜视、显著的隐斜视或集合过度。然而，也讨论了屈光性弱视成因因素以及屈光性弱视的处方开具。基于此讨论，提出了指导原则，指明何时开具眼镜处方以及应矫正多少屈光不正。可能有人认为这些指导原则还不成熟，因为仍有许多问题未得到解答，而且我们没有理想的证据质量；然而，临床医生在检查儿童时必须就是否开具处方以及开具何种处方做出决定。这些指导原则旨在帮助临床医生进行当前的临床决策。
