Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Oct 1;51(7):1271-88. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.011. Epub 2011 Jun 14.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. Increasing evidence implicates ROS as signaling molecules involved in the propagation of cellular pathways. The NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of enzymes is a major source of ROS in the cell and has been related to the progression of many diseases and even environmental toxicity. The complexity of this family's effects on cellular processes stems from the fact that there are seven members, each with unique tissue distribution, cellular localization, and expression. Nox proteins also differ in activation mechanisms and the major ROS detected as their product. To add to this complexity, mounting evidence suggests that other cellular oxidases or their products may be involved in Nox regulation. The overall redox and metabolic status of the cell, specifically the mitochondria, also has implications on ROS signaling. Signaling of such molecules as electrophilic fatty acids has an impact on many redox-sensitive pathologies and thus, as anti-inflammatory molecules, contributes to the complexity of ROS regulation. This review is based on the proceedings of a recent international Oxidase Signaling Symposium at the University of Pittsburgh's Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and encompasses further interaction and discussion among the presenters.
活性氧 (ROS) 参与了许多生理和病理生理反应。越来越多的证据表明，ROS 作为信号分子参与了细胞途径的传播。NADPH 氧化酶 (Nox) 家族的酶是细胞中 ROS 的主要来源，与许多疾病的进展甚至环境毒性有关。该家族对细胞过程的影响的复杂性源于这样一个事实，即有 7 个成员，每个成员都具有独特的组织分布、细胞定位和表达。Nox 蛋白的激活机制和检测到的主要 ROS 产物也不同。为了增加这种复杂性，越来越多的证据表明，其他细胞氧化酶或其产物可能参与 Nox 的调节。细胞的整体氧化还原和代谢状态，特别是线粒体，对 ROS 信号也有影响。亲电子脂肪酸等分子的信号转导对许多氧化还原敏感的病理有影响，因此，作为抗炎分子，ROS 的调节的复杂性。这篇综述是基于匹兹堡大学血管医学研究所和药理学与化学生物学系最近举行的一次国际氧化酶信号研讨会的会议记录，包括与会者之间的进一步互动和讨论。
