Hockley William E, Bancroft Tyler
Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2011 Dec;65(4):236-44. doi: 10.1037/a0023796. Epub 2011 Jul 4.
Previous research has shown that the picture superiority effect (PSE) is seen in tests of associative recognition for random pairs of line drawings compared to pairs of concrete words (Hockley, 2008). In the present study we demonstrated that the PSE for associative recognition is still observed when subjects have correctly identified the individual items of each pair as old (Experiment 1), and that this effect is not due to rehearsal borrowing (Experiment 2). The PSE for associative recognition also is shown to be present but attenuated for mixed picture-word pairs (Experiment 3), and similar in magnitude for pairs of simple black and white line drawings and coloured photographs of detailed objects (Experiment 4). The results are consistent with the view that the semantic meaning of nameable pictures is activated faster than that of words thereby affording subjects more time to generate and elaborate meaningful associations between items depicted in picture form.
先前的研究表明，与具体单词对相比，在对随机线条画配对的联想识别测试中可以看到图片优势效应（PSE）（霍克利，2008年）。在本研究中，我们证明，当受试者正确识别每对中的单个项目为旧项目时（实验1），联想识别的PSE仍然存在，并且这种效应不是由于复述借用（实验2）。联想识别的PSE也显示存在，但对于混合图片-单词对有所减弱（实验3），并且对于简单黑白线条画对和详细物体的彩色照片对，其大小相似（实验4）。这些结果与以下观点一致，即可命名图片比单词更快地激活语义意义，从而使受试者有更多时间在以图片形式描绘的项目之间生成和阐述有意义的联想。
