Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, 113 30, Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Clin Pharm. 2011 Oct;33(5):788-93. doi: 10.1007/s11096-011-9536-8. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
To investigate whether gender is associated with use of hypnotics or sedatives and with different types of hypnotics or sedatives in older people after adjustment for age, socioeconomic status (i.e., education) and co-morbidity (i.e., number of other drugs).
Sweden Method We conducted a register-based analysis of data on gender, age, dispensed drugs, and education from people aged 75-89 years registered in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register between July and October 2005 (n = 645,429).
The hypnotic or sedative drug classes were benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine related drugs (i.e., Z-drugs) and other types of hypnotics or sedatives. The individual hypnotics or sedatives were nitrazepam, flunitrazepam, triazolam, zopiclone, zolpidem, clomethiazole and propiomazine.
In the total study population, 27.1% of the women and 18.1% of the men were dispensed at least one hypnotic or sedative drug. The logistic regression analyses of those who used hypnotics or sedatives (n = 151,700) revealed that women were more likely than men to use benzodiazepines (adjusted OR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.07-1.14) and benzodiazepine related drugs (adjusted OR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.12-1.17), whereas men were more likely to use other types of hypnotics or sedatives (adjusted OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.67-0.71). Among the individual hypnotics or sedatives, the strongest associations with gender was found for nitrazepam (adjusted OR = 1.19; 95% CI 1.14-1.25 for women compared with men), zolpidem (adjusted OR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.16-1.21), clomethiazole (adjusted OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.46-0.51) and propiomazine (adjusted OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.75-0.79).
Use of hypnotics or sedatives in old age seems to be related to female gender. Also, among elderly users of hypnotics or sedatives, women appear to be more likely to use benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine related drugs than men. The explanation to these gender differences merits further investigation.
探讨在调整年龄、社会经济地位（即教育）和合并症（即其他药物数量）后，性别是否与老年人使用催眠药或镇静剂以及不同类型的催眠药或镇静剂有关。
我们在 2005 年 7 月至 10 月期间，对瑞典处方药物登记处登记的 75-89 岁人群的性别、年龄、配药药物和教育数据进行了基于登记的分析（n=645429）。
催眠药或镇静剂药物类别为苯二氮䓬类、苯二氮䓬类相关药物（即 Z 药物）和其他类型的催眠药或镇静剂。个别催眠药或镇静剂为硝西泮、氟硝西泮、三唑仑、佐匹克隆、唑吡坦、氯美噻唑和丙咪嗪。
在总研究人群中，27.1%的女性和 18.1%的男性至少使用了一种催眠药或镇静剂。对使用催眠药或镇静剂的人群（n=151700）进行逻辑回归分析显示，女性使用苯二氮䓬类药物（调整后的 OR=1.11；95%CI 1.07-1.14）和苯二氮䓬类相关药物（调整后的 OR=1.14；95%CI 1.12-1.17）的可能性高于男性，而男性使用其他类型的催眠药或镇静剂的可能性更高（调整后的 OR=0.69；95%CI 0.67-0.71）。在个别催眠药或镇静剂中，与性别关联最强的是硝西泮（女性调整后的 OR=1.19；95%CI 1.14-1.25 与男性相比）、唑吡坦（调整后的 OR=1.18；95%CI 1.16-1.21）、氯美噻唑（调整后的 OR=0.48；95%CI 0.46-0.51）和丙咪嗪（调整后的 OR=0.77；95%CI 0.75-0.79）。
老年人使用催眠药或镇静剂似乎与女性性别有关。此外，在使用催眠药或镇静剂的老年人群中，女性使用苯二氮䓬类药物和苯二氮䓬类相关药物的可能性似乎高于男性。这些性别差异的解释值得进一步研究。
