Spinal Studies and Midlands Centre for Spinal Injuries, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom.
Stem Cells. 2011 Feb;29(2):169-78. doi: 10.1002/stem.570.
Transplantation of bone marrow stem cells into spinal cord lesions enhances axonal regeneration and promotes functional recovery in animal studies. There are two types of adult bone marrow stem cell; hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The mechanisms by which HSCs and MSCs might promote spinal cord repair following transplantation have been extensively investigated. The objective of this review is to discuss these mechanisms; we briefly consider the controversial topic of HSC and MSC transdifferentiation into central nervous system cells but focus on the neurotrophic, tissue sparing, and reparative action of MSC grafts in the context of the spinal cord injury (SCI) milieu. We then discuss some of the specific issues related to the translation of HSC and MSC therapies for patients with SCI and present a comprehensive critique of the current bone marrow cell clinical trials for the treatment of SCI to date.
骨髓干细胞移植入脊髓损伤部位可促进轴突再生，并在动物研究中促进功能恢复。成体骨髓干细胞有两种类型：造血干细胞（HSCs）和间充质干细胞（MSCs）。广泛研究了 HSCs 和 MSCs 移植后可能促进脊髓修复的机制。本综述的目的是讨论这些机制；我们简要考虑了 HSC 和 MSC 向中枢神经系统细胞转分化的有争议的话题，但重点是 MSCs 移植物在脊髓损伤（SCI）环境中的神经营养、组织保护和修复作用。然后，我们讨论了与将 HSCs 和 MSCs 疗法转化为 SCI 患者相关的一些具体问题，并对迄今为止用于治疗 SCI 的骨髓细胞临床试验进行了全面评价。
