Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Genet Mol Biol. 2011 Apr;34(2):348-52. doi: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000012. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
Cross-amplification was tested and variability in microsatellite primers (designed for Neotropical parrots) compared, in five macaw species, viz., three endangered blue macaws (Cyanopsitta spixii [extinct in the wild], Anodorhynchus leari [endangered] and Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus [vulnerable]), and two unthreatened red macaws (Ara chloropterus and Ara macao). Among the primers tested, 84.6% successfully amplified products in C. spixii, 83.3% in A. leari, 76.4% in A. hyacinthinus, 78.6% in A. chloropterus and 71.4% in A. macao. The mean expected heterozygosity estimated for each species, and based on loci analyzed in all the five, ranged from 0.33 (A. hyacinthinus) to 0.85 (A. macao). As expected, the results revealed lower levels of genetic variability in threatened macaw species than in unthreatened. The low combined probability of genetic identity and the moderate to high potential for paternity exclusion, indicate the utility of the microsatellite loci set selected for each macaw species in kinship and population studies, thus constituting an aid in planning in-situ and ex-situ conservation.
交叉扩增得到了测试，并对微卫星引物的变异性（为新热带鹦鹉设计）进行了比较，在五种金刚鹦鹉物种中，即三种濒危蓝金刚鹦鹉（紫蓝金刚鹦鹉[野外灭绝]、红金刚鹦鹉[濒危]和青蓝金刚鹦鹉[易危]）和两种非受威胁的红金刚鹦鹉（红绿金刚鹦鹉和黄蓝金刚鹦鹉）。在所测试的引物中，84.6%在 C. spixii 中成功扩增产物，83.3%在 A. leari 中，76.4%在 A. hyacinthinus 中，78.6%在 A. chloropterus 中，71.4%在 A. macao 中。根据在所有五个物种中分析的基因座估计，每个物种的平均预期杂合度在 0.33（A. hyacinthinus）到 0.85（A. macao）之间。正如预期的那样，受威胁的金刚鹦鹉物种的遗传变异性水平低于不受威胁的物种。遗传同一性的综合概率较低，并且有中度到高度的排除父系的可能性，这表明为每个金刚鹦鹉物种选择的微卫星基因座在亲属关系和种群研究中具有实用性，从而有助于规划就地和易地保护。
