Capolongo S, Battistella A, Buffoli M, Oppio A
Dipartimento B.E.S.T, Facoltà di Architettura e Società, Politecnico di Milano.
Ann Ig. 2011 Jan-Feb;23(1):43-53.
Health, quality of life and sustainable development are strongly interconnected. The quality of living is a complex concept that includes different meanings. The quality of life issue has been studied for a long time, even if its measurement is a more recent matter. It's possible to distinguish two main approaches: the first one, depending on which the quality of life corresponds to the social wellbeing and it can be measured objectively; the second one, that emphasizes the perceptive dimension of quality of life, such as needs, feelings and aspirations. According to the WHO's wide definition of wellbeing, this paper suggests an approach focused on the effects that urban planning and designing can have on the health of citizens. Actually many of the problems of the cities like pollution, inequity, lack of services and accessibility depends on decisions about the development of land and buildings. To have more attractive cities in the future it is important that professionals involved in planning and local authorities focus on the major determinants of health: the physical and social environment in which people live and the nature of their lifestyles. The experience explained in this paper shows as local authorities can support professionals in designing process, producing quick and effective benchmark in order to improve the quality of urban spaces and architecture. More in deep the tool works by a set of performance indicators developed with the purpose to assess the degree of sustainability of building and urban space proposals at the planning stage (and at later stages), against a range of criteria. This evaluation procedure can be considered as a common platform from which different stakeholders can agree goals and work together contributing to increase the benefits of a well-designed built environment.
健康、生活质量与可持续发展紧密相连。生活质量是一个复杂的概念，包含不同的含义。生活质量问题已被研究了很长时间，即便其衡量是一个较新的课题。可以区分出两种主要方法：第一种方法认为生活质量等同于社会福祉，并且可以客观衡量；第二种方法强调生活质量的感知维度，如需求、感受和愿望。根据世界卫生组织对福祉的宽泛定义，本文提出一种侧重于城市规划和设计对公民健康可能产生的影响的方法。实际上，城市的许多问题，如污染、不公平、服务和可达性不足，都取决于关于土地和建筑开发的决策。为了在未来拥有更具吸引力的城市，参与规划的专业人员和地方当局关注健康的主要决定因素很重要：人们生活的物理和社会环境以及他们生活方式的性质。本文所阐述的经验表明，地方当局如何能够在设计过程中支持专业人员，制定快速有效的基准，以提高城市空间和建筑的质量。更深入地说，该工具通过一组绩效指标发挥作用，这些指标旨在在规划阶段（及后续阶段）根据一系列标准评估建筑和城市空间提案的可持续程度。这种评估程序可以被视为一个共同平台，不同的利益相关者可以在此达成目标并共同努力，为提高精心设计的建成环境的益处做出贡献。
