Wakefield Claire E, Reid John, Homewood Judi
School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Prog Transplant. 2011 Jun;21(2):161-8. doi: 10.1177/152692481102100213.
Globally, the demand for donated organs outstrips supply, meaning that there are both practical and theoretical reasons for examining factors that are predictive of individuals' willingness to donate their organs upon their death.
To determine whether individuals of different religious denominations living in Australia have different views on organ donation, whether donation attitudes differ significantly across ethnic groups, and whether factors identified in international research are predictors of willingness to donate and actual donor behavior in this population.
Data for this study were collected from students at an Australian university from a range of religious and ethnic backgrounds, and their friends and relatives (N = 509). Intervention-Participants were administered the Organ Donation Attitude Scale, as well as additional attitudes and knowledge measures.
Self-reported "willingness to donate" and "donor behavior".
Our findings complemented those reported in comparable countries, with females, younger Australians, and those with high knowledge levels being more willing to donate than males, older persons, and those with low knowledge. Persons who described themselves as having stronger religious beliefs (particularly Buddhist and Islamic) held less favorable attitudes toward donation, had lower knowledge levels, and were more likely to oppose donation.
Although this study established that attitudes toward, knowledge about, and predictors of organ donation in Australia are similar to those reported elsewhere, donation rates remain low. Further in-depth research examining the impact of religion and culture on attitudes, beliefs, and behavior is essential when exploring strategies to improve organ donation rates in highly multicultural societies such as Australia.
在全球范围内，对捐赠器官的需求超过了供应，这意味着无论是从实际还是理论角度，都有必要研究那些能够预测个人死后捐赠器官意愿的因素。
确定生活在澳大利亚的不同宗教教派的个人对器官捐赠是否有不同看法，不同种族群体之间的捐赠态度是否存在显著差异，以及国际研究中确定的因素是否能预测该人群的捐赠意愿和实际捐赠行为。
本研究的数据收集自一所澳大利亚大学的学生，他们来自不同的宗教和种族背景，以及他们的朋友和亲属（N = 509）。干预措施——参与者接受了器官捐赠态度量表以及其他态度和知识测量。
自我报告的“捐赠意愿”和“捐赠行为”。
我们的研究结果与其他可比国家的报告结果相辅相成，女性、年轻的澳大利亚人以及知识水平高的人比男性、年长者和知识水平低的人更愿意捐赠。将自己描述为宗教信仰较强的人（尤其是佛教徒和穆斯林）对捐赠的态度不太积极，知识水平较低，并且更有可能反对捐赠。
尽管这项研究表明澳大利亚对器官捐赠的态度、相关知识以及预测因素与其他地方报告的相似，但捐赠率仍然很低。在探索提高澳大利亚等多元文化高度发达社会的器官捐赠率的策略时，进一步深入研究宗教和文化对态度、信仰和行为的影响至关重要。
