BGI-Shenzhen, Chinese Ministry of Agricultural, Key Lab of Genomics, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Nature. 2011 Jul 10;475(7355):189-95. doi: 10.1038/nature10158.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.
马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）是世界上最重要的非谷物粮食作物，是全球粮食安全的核心。它是通过无性繁殖、高度杂合、同源四倍体的方式进行繁殖，并受到严重的近亲繁殖衰退的影响。在这里，我们使用一个纯合的双倍单倍体马铃薯克隆体来对 844 兆碱基对的基因组进行测序和组装，完成了 86%的工作。我们预测了 39,031 个编码蛋白质的基因，并提供了至少两次基因组加倍事件的证据，表明其具有古多倍体的起源。作为第一个茄科植物的基因组序列，马铃薯基因组揭示了 2,642 个特定于这个大型被子植物分支的基因。我们还对一个杂合的二倍体克隆体进行了测序，并表明基因的存在/缺失变体和其他潜在的有害突变经常发生，这可能是近亲繁殖衰退的原因。基因家族的扩张、组织特异性表达以及新途径的基因招募，促进了块茎发育的进化。马铃薯基因组序列为这种重要作物的遗传改良提供了一个平台。
