Valdes-Stauber J, Deinert H, Kilian R
Bezirkskrankenhaus Kaufbeuren, Kemnaterstr. 16, 87600 Kaufbeuren, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2012 May;83(5):644-52. doi: 10.1007/s00115-011-3327-2.
The Guardianship Law became effective in the year 1992 with the intention of replacing the paternalistic-restrictive model by a model based on the principles of participation and empowerment.
Data from the Federal Ministry of Justice were used to examine the development of 12 legal guardianship parameters over a period of 17 years (1992-2009) at the level of federal states. Due to the completely different practise in both parts of Germany before reunification, the development will be analysed separately for the old and the new federal states.
All examined parameters indicate an increase of legal guardianship. The highest increases were found for enlargement of the task scope (+606%) and for approval of contention measures (+868%). With the exception of involuntary commitment rates, in the new federal states the mean values of all variables score higher than in the old federal states. Legal guardianship installation only increased for the old federal states significantly (T(9)=6.64; p=0.007); however, the guardianship expenses were higher, but not significantly, for the new federal states.
In spite of the legal changes in the direction of a dynamic instrument in mental health care, the practise of the Legal Guardianship Law indicates a continuous increase of guardianship orders since 1992. It is necessary to recognise that a slowdown of the upward trend is not in sight. Therefore it is pertinent to call those persons in charge of regulating legal guardianship to consider their daily practise carefully. On the other hand it is a task of mental health services research to analyse the driving factors of the presented developments.
《监护法》于1992年生效，旨在用一种基于参与和赋权原则的模式取代家长式限制模式。
利用联邦司法部的数据，在联邦州层面考察12项法定监护参数在17年（1992 - 2009年）期间的发展情况。由于德国统一前东西部的做法完全不同，将分别分析旧联邦州和新联邦州的发展情况。
所有考察参数均显示法定监护有所增加。任务范围扩大（+606%）和对抗措施批准（+868%）的增幅最大。除非自愿住院率外，新联邦州所有变量的均值均高于旧联邦州。法定监护设置仅在旧联邦州显著增加（T(9)=6.64；p = 0.007）；然而，新联邦州的监护费用更高，但不显著。
尽管在精神卫生保健方面法律朝着动态工具的方向发生了变化，但《监护法》的实施表明自1992年以来监护令持续增加。必须认识到上升趋势看不到放缓迹象。因此，有必要呼吁负责监管法定监护的人员仔细考虑他们的日常做法。另一方面，分析上述发展的驱动因素是精神卫生服务研究的一项任务。
