Rosen Sonja L, Reuben David B
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Mt Sinai J Med. 2011 Jul-Aug;78(4):489-97. doi: 10.1002/msj.20277.
In addition to medical diseases, psychological, social, cognitive, and functional issues influence the health of older persons. Therefore, the traditional medical assessment alone is often not enough to evaluate the older population with multiple comorbidities. Out of this recognized need, the geriatric assessment has been developed, which emphasizes a broader approach to evaluating contributors to health in older persons. Geriatric assessment uses specific tools to help determine patient's status across several different dimensions, including assessment of medical, cognitive, affective, social, economic, environmental, spiritual, and functional status. This article reviews specific tools that practitioners can use in their screening for the following geriatric syndromes: hearing impairment, vision impairment, functional decline, falls, urinary incontinence, cognitive impairment, depression, and malnutrition. This article also reviews spiritual, economic, and social assessment. By identifying conditions that are common in the elderly, geriatric assessment can provide substantial insight into the comprehensive care of older persons, from those who are healthy and high-functioning to those with significant impairments and multiple comorbidities.
除了医学疾病外，心理、社会、认知和功能问题也会影响老年人的健康。因此，仅靠传统的医学评估往往不足以评估患有多种合并症的老年人群。出于这种已被认识到的需求，老年医学评估应运而生，它强调采用更广泛的方法来评估影响老年人健康的因素。老年医学评估使用特定工具，以帮助确定患者在几个不同维度的状况，包括对医疗、认知、情感、社会、经济、环境、精神和功能状况的评估。本文回顾了从业者可用于筛查以下老年综合征的特定工具：听力障碍、视力障碍、功能衰退、跌倒、尿失禁、认知障碍、抑郁症和营养不良。本文还回顾了精神、经济和社会评估。通过识别老年人常见的状况，老年医学评估可以为老年人的综合护理提供深入见解，从健康且功能良好的老年人到有严重损伤和多种合并症的老年人。
