Stijnen Mandy M N, Van Hoof Maud S, Wijnands-Hoekstra Ingeborg Y M, Guldemond-Hecker Yvonne, Duimel-Peeters Inge G P, Vrijhoef Hubertus J M, Jansen Maria W J
Department of Family Medicine, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
Primary Healthcare Organisation region 'Maastricht-Heuvelland' (ZIO), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Fam Pract. 2014 Jun;31(3):333-40. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmu015. Epub 2014 Apr 15.
Preventive home visits including comprehensive geriatric assessment for potentially frail older people are increasingly implemented in general practice. It remains unclear how to select older people who benefit most from it.
To determine which community-dwelling older people benefit most from a comprehensive geriatric assessment by a practice nurse during a home visit in terms of detected problems.
A cross-sectional study in 45 general practices in the Netherlands. Practice nurses visited 562 randomly selected older people (aged ≥ 75 years) and 1180 purposefully selected based on the following criteria: last visit to general practice >6 months ago; partner or child(ren) deceased within past 12 months; cognitive or psychosocial functioning unknown to GP; ≥2 chronic conditions; uses ≥5 medications and/or living alone.
Mean age of older people was 82.50 years, 65.50% was female. More problems were detected among women, higher age groups, those living alone and the less educated (all P < 0.001). Overall, more problems were detected in purposefully selected older people than in randomly selected older people (P < 0.001). Selection of older people with ≥2 chronic conditions and those using ≥5 medications resulted in more detected problems in general (both P < 0.05).
Although the findings are in favour of purposeful selection, observed differences in detected problems between the two selection procedures are relatively small. GPs should at least target older people with ≥2 chronic conditions, using ≥5 medications, being female, of an older age, living alone and the less educated.
在全科医疗中,针对潜在体弱老年人开展包括综合老年评估在内的预防性家访日益普遍。目前尚不清楚如何挑选能从其中获益最多的老年人。
确定在家庭访视期间,从执业护士进行的综合老年评估中,就所发现的问题而言,哪些社区居住的老年人获益最大。
在荷兰的45家全科诊所开展一项横断面研究。执业护士访视了562名随机选取的老年人(年龄≥75岁)以及1180名根据以下标准有目的地选取的老年人:上次全科医疗就诊时间>6个月前;伴侣或子女在过去12个月内去世;全科医生对其认知或心理社会功能情况未知;患有≥2种慢性病;使用≥5种药物和/或独居。
老年人的平均年龄为82.50岁,女性占65.50%。在女性、年龄较大的人群、独居者以及受教育程度较低者中发现了更多问题(所有P<0.001)。总体而言,有目的地选取的老年人中发现的问题比随机选取的老年人更多(P<0.001)。选取患有≥2种慢性病以及使用≥5种药物的老年人,总体上发现的问题更多(两者P<0.05)。
尽管研究结果支持有目的地进行选取,但两种选取程序在发现的问题方面观察到的差异相对较小。全科医生至少应将患有≥2种慢性病、使用≥5种药物、女性、年龄较大、独居以及受教育程度较低的老年人作为目标人群。