Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Chemosphere. 2011 Oct;85(6):928-33. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.058. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
Sulfonamides (SAs) are a group of antibiotic drugs widely used in veterinary medicine. The contamination of the environment by these pharmaceuticals has raised concern in recent years. However, knowledge of their (eco)toxicity is still very basic and is restricted to just a few of these substances. Even though their toxicological analysis has been thoroughly performed and ecotoxicological data are available in the literature, a systematic analysis of their ecotoxicological potential has yet to be carried out. To fill this gap, 12 different SAs were chosen for detailed analysis with the focus on different bacteria as well as non-target organisms (algae and plants). A flexible (eco)toxicological test battery was used, including enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and glutathione reductase), luminescent marine bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), soil bacteria (Arthrobacter globiformis), limnic unicellular green algae (Scenedesmus vacuolatus) and duckweed (Lemna minor), in order to take into account both the aquatic and terrestrial compartments of the environment, as well as different trophic levels. It was found that SAs are not only toxic towards green algae (EC₅₀=1.54-32.25 mg L⁻¹) but have even stronger adverse effect on duckweed (EC₅₀=0.02-4.89 mg L⁻¹) than atrazine - herbicide (EC₅₀=2.59 mg L⁻¹).
磺胺类药物（SAs）是广泛应用于兽医学的一类抗生素药物。近年来，这些药品对环境的污染引起了人们的关注。然而，人们对它们的（生态）毒性的了解仍然非常基础，仅限于其中的少数几种物质。尽管这些物质的毒理学分析已经进行得非常彻底，并且文献中也有生态毒理学数据，但对它们的生态毒性潜力还没有进行系统的分析。为了填补这一空白，选择了 12 种不同的磺胺类药物进行详细分析，重点是不同的细菌以及非目标生物（藻类和植物）。使用了灵活的（生态）毒理学测试组合，包括酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶）、发光海洋细菌（发光菌）、土壤细菌（球形节杆菌）、淡水单细胞绿藻（斜生栅藻）和浮萍（浮萍），以考虑到环境的水生和陆地部分，以及不同的营养水平。结果发现，磺胺类药物不仅对绿藻有毒（EC₅₀=1.54-32.25mg/L），而且对浮萍的毒性甚至比莠去津除草剂（EC₅₀=2.59mg/L）更强。
