University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Aug;23(3):725-76. doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000289.
The allostatic load (AL) model represents an interdisciplinary approach to comprehensively conceptualize and quantify chronic stress in relation to pathologies throughout the life cycle. This article first reviews the AL model, followed by interactions among early adversity, genetics, environmental toxins, as well as distinctions among sex, gender, and sex hormones as integral antecedents of AL. We next explore perspectives on severe mental illness, dementia, and caregiving as unique human models of AL that merit future investigations in the field of developmental psychopathology. A complimenting transdisciplinary perspective is applied throughout, whereby we argue that the AL model goes beyond traditional stress-disease theories toward the advancement of person-centered research and practice that promote not only physical health but also mental health.
应激适应负荷（AL）模型代表了一种跨学科的方法，用于全面地概念化和量化与整个生命周期中的病理学有关的慢性应激。本文首先回顾了 AL 模型，然后探讨了早期逆境、遗传学、环境毒素之间的相互作用，以及性别、性别认同和性激素作为 AL 基本前提的区别。接下来，我们探讨了严重精神疾病、痴呆症和护理作为 AL 独特的人类模型的观点，这些模型值得在发展心理病理学领域进行未来的研究。本文贯穿了一种互补的跨学科视角，我们认为 AL 模型超越了传统的应激-疾病理论，朝着以个体为中心的研究和实践的推进，不仅促进身体健康，也促进心理健康。
