Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2011 Jul-Aug;33(4):398-406. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.04.004. Epub 2011 May 26.
Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) - preoccupation with a false belief that one emits a foul or offensive body odor - has been described around the world for more than a century. However, only a few small studies have systematically assessed ORS's clinical features.
Twenty patients with ORS were systematically assessed using semistructured measures.
Subjects' mean age was 33.4±14.1; 60% were female. Preoccupation most often focused on the mouth (75%), armpits (60%) and genitals (35%). Bad breath (75%) and sweat (65%) were the most common odor descriptions. Currently, 85% of subjects had delusional ORS beliefs, 77% had referential thinking and 85% reported actually smelling the odor. Ninety-five percent of subjects reported performing one or more ORS-related repetitive behaviors (e.g., excessive showering). Forty percent had been housebound for at least 1 week because of ORS symptoms, 68% had a history of suicidal ideation, 32% had attempted suicide and 53% had been psychiatrically hospitalized. Forty-four percent of subjects had sought nonpsychiatric medical, surgical or dental treatment for the perceived odor, and one third had received such treatment, which was ineffective in all cases.
ORS appears to be characterized by high morbidity and seeking of nonpsychiatric treatment.
嗅觉参照综合征（ORS）——一种固执地认为自己散发出恶臭或异味的错误信念——在全世界已经被描述了一个多世纪。然而，仅有少数几项小型研究系统地评估了 ORS 的临床特征。
我们使用半结构化评估工具对 20 名 ORS 患者进行了系统评估。
患者的平均年龄为 33.4±14.1 岁；60%为女性。关注的焦点通常集中在口腔（75%）、腋窝（60%）和生殖器（35%）。口臭（75%）和汗味（65%）是最常见的气味描述。目前，85%的患者存在妄想性 ORS 信念，77%的患者存在联想思维，85%的患者报告实际上闻到了异味。95%的患者报告进行了一种或多种与 ORS 相关的重复行为（如过度洗澡）。40%的患者因 ORS 症状至少有 1 周时间足不出户，68%有自杀意念史，32%曾试图自杀，53%曾被精神病院收治。44%的患者因感知到的异味寻求过非精神科的医疗、手术或牙科治疗，三分之一的患者接受了这种治疗，但在所有情况下均无效。
ORS 似乎具有较高的发病率，并寻求非精神科治疗。
